The influence of glycosaminoglycan proteoglycan side chains on tensile force transmission and the nanostructural properties of Achilles tendons,Microscopy Research and Technique

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The influence of glycosaminoglycan proteoglycan side chains on tensile force transmission and the nanostructural properties of Achilles tendons
Microscopy Research and Technique ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-13 , DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23899
Anas K Al Makhzoomi ₁ , Thomas B Kirk ₂ , Danielle E Dye ₃ , Garry T Allison ₄

Affiliation

This study investigates the nanostructural mechanisms that lie behind load transmission in tendons and the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the transmission of force in the tendon extracellular matrix. The GAGs in white New Zealand rabbit Achilles tendons were enzymatically depleted, and the tendons subjected to cyclic loading at 6% strain for up to 2 hr. A nanoscale morphometric assessment of fibril deformation under strain was linked with the decline in the tendon macroscale mechanical properties. An atomic force microscope (AFM) was employed to characterize the D-periodicity within and between fibril bundles (WFB and BFB, respectively). By the end of the second hour of the applied strain, the WFB and BFB D-periodicities had significantly increased in the GAG-depleted group (29% increase compared with 15% for the control, p < .0001). No statistically significant differences were found between WFB and BFB D-periodicities in either the control or GAG-depleted groups, suggesting that mechanical load in Achilles tendons is uniformly distributed and fairly homogenous among the WFB and BFB networks. The results of this study have provided evidence of a cycle-dependent mechanism of damage accumulation. The accurate quantification of fibril elongation (measured as the WFB and BFB D-periodicity lengths) in response to macroscopic applied strain has assisted in assessing the complex structure–function relationship in Achilles tendon.

中文翻译：

糖胺聚糖蛋白聚糖侧链对拉力传递和跟腱纳米结构特性的影响

本研究调查了肌腱负荷传递背后的纳米结构机制，以及糖胺聚糖 (GAG) 在肌腱细胞外基质中的力传递中的作用。新西兰白兔跟腱中的 GAG 被酶促耗尽，并且肌腱在 6% 应变下循环加载长达 2 小时。应变下原纤维变形的纳米级形态测量评估与肌腱宏观力学性能的下降有关。使用原子力显微镜 (AFM) 来表征原纤维束（分别为 WFB 和 BFB）内和之间的 D 周期。到施加应变的第二小时结束时，GAG 耗尽组的 WFB 和 BFB D-周期性显着增加（增加 29%，而对照组增加 15%，p < .0001）。在对照组或 GAG 耗尽组中，WFB 和 BFB D-周期性之间没有发现统计学上的显着差异，这表明跟腱中的机械载荷在 WFB 和 BFB 网络中均匀分布且相当均匀。这项研究的结果提供了损伤积累的循环依赖机制的证据。响应宏观施加应变的原纤维伸长率（测量为 WFB 和 BFB D 周期长度）的准确量化有助于评估跟腱中复杂的结构 - 功能关系。

更新日期：2021-08-13

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