Humans have used cannabis for centuries and the systematic study of its health impact has only recently begun in earnest. The endocannabinoid system is an ancient chemical signaling system affecting emotion, sensory function and behavior. Understanding how exogenous cannabinoids affect this system has been limited by decades of regulatory prohibitions in the United States. Despite its federal status as a Schedule I drug, cannabis was first approved for medicinal use in California in 1996; and now all but 7 states allow some form of medicinal cannabinoid use. A naturalistic experiment is occurring in states like Colorado and Washington where recreational cannabis has been available for years. Along with California, Illinois, Michigan and New York, almost half of the United States population now lives in a state where cannabis is legal for recreational use without a prescription. Nevertheless, we have comparatively little evidence for cannabis’ direct effects on liver disease patient outcomes before and after liver transplantation (LT) despite cannabinoids’ broad implications in the field of organ transplantation.

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科罗拉多州的大麻素：肝移植接受者遵循国家趋势

几个世纪以来，人类一直在使用大麻，对其健康影响的系统研究最近才真正开始。内源性大麻素系统是一种古老的化学信号系统，可影响情绪、感觉功能和行为。了解外源性大麻素如何影响该系统一直受到美国数十年监管禁令的限制。尽管大麻在联邦中被列为附表 I 药物，但它于 1996 年首次在加利福尼亚州获准用于药用；现在除了 7 个州外，所有州都允许使用某种形式的药用大麻素。一项自然主义实验正在科罗拉多州和华盛顿州等州进行，这些州多年来一直提供休闲大麻。连同加利福尼亚州、伊利诺伊州、密歇根州和纽约州，几乎一半的美国人口现在生活在一个大麻可以合法用于娱乐用途而无需处方的州。尽管如此，尽管大麻素在器官移植领域具有广泛影响，但我们几乎没有证据表明大麻对肝脏移植 (LT) 前后肝病患者预后的直接影响。