Soil quality restoration and sustainable crop production in the rainfed ecosystem of the Indian Himalayas can be achieved through effective conservation tillage and organic management. Hence, a six-year (2013 to 2019) study was conducted to quantify the effect of tillage and organic nutrient management on soil properties, productivity, and profitability of the maize-vegetable pea (Pisum sativum) system. Three tillage practices [conventional (CT), reduced (RT), and no-till (NT)] and four organic nutrients management practices [(ONM)-farmyard manure @ 8 Mg ha⁻¹ farmers practice (ONM₁), 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through manures (ONM₂), 75% RDN through manures + maize/vegetable pea stover in either of the crops (ONM₃), and 50% RDN through manures + maize/vegetable pea stover in either of the crops (ONM₄)] were tested. The results indicated that the NT had higher soil organic carbon (SOC, 16.49 g kg⁻¹), available N (354.5 kg ha⁻¹), and lesser bulk density (1.31 Mg m⁻³) and penetration resistance (1.85 MPa) in comparison with that of CT at 0–10 cm depth. The system productivity under NT was 9.6% higher than that obtained under CT. The ONM₃ had higher SOC content, plant-available N, soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) than ONM₁. The integration of RT-ONM₂ enhanced SMBC, DHA, maize, and vegetable pea yield by 27.2%, 35.7%, 38.0%, and 60.3%, respectively, over CT-ONM₁. Thus, the study suggested that the adoption of effective conservation tillage with adequate organic nutrient management has the potential to advance the soil properties and productivity of maize-vegetable pea system in the Himalayan Region.

中文翻译：

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保护性耕作和有机养分管理改善了喜马拉雅东部玉米-蔬菜豌豆系统的土壤特性、生产力和经济性

通过有效的保护性耕作和有机管理，可以在印度喜马拉雅山的雨养生态系统中实现土壤质量恢复和可持续作物生产。因此，进行了一项为期六年（2013 年至 2019 年）的研究，以量化耕作和有机养分管理对玉米-蔬菜豌豆 ( Pisum sativum ) 系统土壤特性、生产力和盈利能力的影响。三种耕作方式 [传统 (CT)、减量 (RT) 和免耕 (NT)] 和四种有机养分管理方式 [(ONM)-农家肥 @ 8 Mg ha ^-1农民实践 (ONM ₁ )，100%推荐的施氮量 (RDN) 通过粪肥 (ONM ₂ )，75% RDN 通过粪肥 + 玉米/蔬菜豌豆秸秆在任一作物 (ONM) 中₃ ) 和 50% RDN 通过粪肥 + 玉米/豌豆秸秆在任一作物 (ONM ₄ )] 中进行测试。结果表明，NT 具有较高的土壤有机碳（SOC，16.49 g kg ^-1）、有效氮（354.5 kg ha ^-1）和较小的容重（1.31 Mg m ^-3）和渗透阻力（1.85 MPa）。与0-10 cm深度的CT相比。NT 下的系统生产率比 CT 下的系统生产率高 9.6%。所述ONM ₃比ONM具有较高的SOC含量，植物可利用的N，土壤微生物量碳（SMBC），和脱氢酶活性（DHA）₁。RT-ONM ₂的集成与 CT-ONM _{1 相比}，SMBC、DHA、玉米和蔬菜豌豆产量分别提高了 27.2%、35.7%、38.0% 和 60.3% 。因此，该研究表明，采用有效的保护性耕作和适当的有机养分管理有可能提高喜马拉雅地区玉米 - 蔬菜豌豆系统的土壤特性和生产力。