BACKGROUND We aimed to compare the clinical data, laboratory findings, and imaging characteristics of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD) and aquaporin 4 antibody (AQP4)-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), as detailed comparative analyses of laboratory data for both diseases are rare. METHODS Our retrospective study compared the clinical data, laboratory findings, and imaging characteristics of 118 AQP4-positive patients with first-episode NMOSD and 25 patients with first-episode MOGAD. Logistic regression was used to determine the factors that differentiated MOGAD and AQP4-positive NMOSD. RESULTS There were significant differences in age, symptoms, recurrence rate, laboratory indicators, and imaging examinations between patients with MOGAD and patients with AQP4-positive NMOSD. Patients with MOGAD were younger and had higher levels of uric acid than those with AQP4-positive NMOSD. The proportion of cortical gray matter/juxtacortical white matter lesions was significantly higher in the MOGAD group than in the NMOSD group. Logistic regression revealed that young age [odds ratio (OR) = 0.947, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.905-0.99], high uric acid level (OR = 1.016, 95% CI = 1.006-1.027), and cortical gray matter/juxtacortical white matter involvement (OR = 3.889, 95% CI = 1.048-14.442) were significantly related to MOGAD. CONCLUSION The multivariate analysis of the present study demonstrated that age, uric acid level, and the presence of lesions in the cortical gray matter/juxtacortical white matter can aid in distinguishing patients with AQP4-positive NMOSD from those with MOGAD. These factors may also aid in determining which patients should be tested for antibodies.

中文翻译：

---

髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体病患者与水通道蛋白4抗体阳性视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍患者临床及影像学资料比较分析。

背景 我们旨在比较髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体病 (MOGAD) 和水通道蛋白 4 抗体 (AQP4) 阳性的视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍 (NMOSD) 的临床数据、实验室检查结果和影像学特征，对两者的实验室数据进行详细比较分析。疾病很少见。方法 我们的回顾性研究比较了 118 例 AQP4 阳性首发 NMOSD 患者和 25 例首发 MOGAD 患者的临床数据、实验室检查结果和影像学特征。逻辑回归用于确定区分 MOGAD 和 AQP4 阳性 NMOSD 的因素。结果 MOGAD患者与AQP4阳性NMOSD患者在年龄、症状、复发率、实验室指标、影像学检查等方面存在显着差异。MOGAD 患者比 AQP4 阳性 NMOSD 患者更年轻，尿酸水平更高。MOGAD组皮质灰质/皮质旁白质病变的比例显着高于NMOSD组。Logistic 回归显示年轻 [优势比 (OR) = 0.947, 95% 置信区间 (CI) = 0.905-0.99]、高尿酸水平 (OR = 1.016, 95% CI = 1.006-1.027) 和皮质灰质/ 皮质旁白质受累（OR = 3.889, 95% CI = 1.048-14.442）与 MOGAD 显着相关。结论 本研究的多变量分析表明，年龄、尿酸水平和皮质灰质/皮质旁白质病变的存在有助于区分 AQP4 阳性 NMOSD 患者和 MOGAD 患者。