A 16-y-old female Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) was evaluated for hyporexia. Examination revealed chronic kidney disease and a large subcutaneous axillary mass with draining tracts that contained numerous small black grains. Histologic examination revealed the presence of intralesional fungal hyphae. Persistent hyporexia and pyogranulomatous disease, as well as progressive cachexia and azotemia occurred despite treatment, and euthanasia was performed. Disseminated phaeohyphomycosis was diagnosed on postmortem examination, additionally affecting various lymph nodes, the nasal cavity, mesenteric adipose tissue, abdominal aorta, pericardium, and kidney. Fungal culture from a deep-tissue sample isolated a pure growth of Curvularia sp., a dematiaceous opportunistic fungus able to cause eumycetomas and/or phaeohyphomycosis. Phaeohyphomycosis is a rare but emerging condition, not previously reported as disseminated disease in an exotic carnivore, to our knowledge. Aggressive systemic antifungal treatment was unsuccessful, likely complicated by diagnostic challenges and concurrent renal disease. The presence of a swelling with abundant grains exiting draining tracts should direct clinicians to the diagnosis of a mycetoma, warranting early and aggressive treatment.

对一只 16 岁的雌性苏门答腊虎 ( Panthera tigris sumatrae ) 进行了缺食评估。检查发现慢性肾病和一个大的皮下腋窝肿块，带有大量黑色小颗粒的引流管。组织学检查显示病灶内存在真菌菌丝。尽管进行了治疗，但仍发生持续性缺食和脓性肉芽肿病，以及进行性恶病质和氮质血症，并实施了安乐死。尸检诊断为播散性嗜丝菌病，此外还累及各种淋巴结、鼻腔、肠系膜脂肪组织、腹主动脉、心包和肾脏。深部组织样本的真菌培养分离出纯生长的弯孢菌sp.，一种能够引起真菌性真菌病和/或嗜丝菌病的机会性真菌。据我们所知，褐丝状菌病是一种罕见但新出现的疾病，以前没有报道为外来食肉动物的传播性疾病。积极的全身抗真菌治疗不成功，可能因诊断挑战和并发肾脏疾病而复杂化。引流道出现肿胀并伴有大量颗粒排出，应指导临床医生诊断足菌肿，需要早期积极治疗。