Damage in the nervous system induces a stereotypical response that is mediated by glial cells. Here, we use the eye disc of Drosophila melanogaster as a model to explore the mechanisms involved in promoting glial cell response after neuronal cell death induction. We demonstrate that these cells rapidly respond to neuronal apoptosis by increasing in number and undergoing morphological changes, which will ultimately grant them phagocytic abilities. We found that this glial response is controlled by the activity of Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathways. These pathways are activated after cell death induction, and their functions are necessary to induce glial cell proliferation and migration to the eye discs. The latter of these 2 processes depend on the function of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, which is activated by Dpp signalling. We also present evidence that a similar mechanism controls glial response upon apoptosis induction in the leg discs, suggesting that our results uncover a mechanism that might be involved in controlling glial cells response to neuronal cell death in different regions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

中文翻译：

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Dpp 和 Hedgehog 在发育中的果蝇视觉系统中促进神经胶质细胞对神经元凋亡的反应。

神经系统的损伤会诱发由神经胶质细胞介导的刻板反应。在这里，我们以黑腹果蝇的眼盘为模型，探索神经元细胞死亡诱导后促进胶质细胞反应的机制。我们证明这些细胞通过数量增加和形态变化迅速对神经元凋亡做出反应，这最终将赋予它们吞噬能力。我们发现这种神经胶质反应受 Decapentaplegic (Dpp) 和 Hedgehog (Hh) 信号通路的活性控制。这些通路在细胞死亡诱导后被激活，它们的功能是诱导神经胶质细胞增殖和迁移到眼盘所必需的。这两个过程中的后者取决于 c-Jun N 端激酶 (JNK) 通路的功能，这是由 Dpp 信令激活的。我们还提供了证据表明类似的机制控制腿部椎间盘细胞凋亡诱导时的神经胶质反应，这表明我们的结果揭示了一种可能参与控制外周神经系统 (PNS) 不同区域神经元细胞死亡的神经胶质细胞反应的机制.