B and T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in health care professionals with and without previous COVID-19,EBioMedicine

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B and T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in health care professionals with and without previous COVID-19
EBioMedicine ( IF 11.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-12 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103539
Andreas Zollner ₁ , Christina Watschinger ₂ , Annika Rössler ₃ , Maria R Farcet ₄ , Agnes Penner ₅ , Vincent Böhm ₅ , Sophia J Kiechl ₆ , Gerald Stampfel ₅ , Rainer Hintenberger ₅ , Herbert Tilg ₇ , Robert Koch ₇ , Marlies Antlanger ₅ , Thomas R Kreil ₄ , Janine Kimpel ₃ , Alexander R Moschen ₈

Affiliation

Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria; Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine 1 (Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine 2 (Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheumatology), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.
Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck Austria.
Global Pathogen Safety, Baxter AG (part of Takeda), Vienna, Austria.
Department of Internal Medicine 2 (Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheumatology), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.
Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; VASCage, Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria.
Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine 1 (Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria; Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine 1 (Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine 2 (Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheumatology), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.

Background

In recent months numerous health care professional acquired COVID-19 at the workplace resulting in significant shortages in medical and nursing staff. We investigated how prior COVID-19 affects SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and how such knowledge could facilitate frugal vaccination strategies.

Methods

In a cohort of 41 healthcare professionals with (n=14) and without (n=27) previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, we assessed the immune status before, during and after vaccination with BNT162b2. The humoral immune response was assessed by receptor binding domain ELISA and different SARS-CoV-2 neutralisation assays using wildtype and pseudo-typed viruses. T cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 surface and nucleocapsid peptides were studied using interferon-γ release assays and intracellular flow cytometry. Vaccine-related side effects were captured.

Findings

Prior COVID-19 resulted in improved vaccine responses both in the B and T cell compartment. In vaccine recipients with prior COVID-19, the first vaccine dose induced high antibody concentrations comparable to seronegative vaccine recipients after two injections. This translated into more efficient neutralisation of virus particles, even more pronounced than expected from the RBD ELISA results. Furthermore, T cell responses were stronger in convalescents and particularly strong against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein.

Interpretation

Herein, we corroborate recent findings suggesting that in convalescents a single vaccine dose is sufficient to boost adequate in vitro neutralisation of SARS-CoV-2 and therefore may be sufficient to induce adequate protection against severe COVID-19. New spike mutated virus variants render the highly conserved nucleocapsid protein – eliciting strong SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell immunity – an interesting additional vaccine target.

Funding

Christian Doppler Research Association, Johannes Kepler University Linz

中文翻译：

B 细胞和 T 细胞对 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗的反应在有和没有以前 COVID-19 的医疗保健专业人员中

背景

最近几个月，许多医疗保健专业人员在工作场所感染了 COVID-19，导致医疗和护理人员严重短缺。我们调查了先前的 COVID-19 如何影响 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种，以及这些知识如何促进节俭的疫苗接种策略。

方法

在 41 名有（n=14）和没有（n=27）既往 SARS-CoV-2 感染的医疗保健专业人员的队列中，我们评估了接种 BNT162b2 之前、期间和之后的免疫状态。通过受体结合域 ELISA 和使用野生型和假型病毒的不同 SARS-CoV-2 中和试验来评估体液免疫反应。使用干扰素-γ 释放测定和细胞内流式细胞术研究了针对 SARS-CoV-2 表面和核衣壳肽的 T 细胞免疫。捕获了疫苗相关的副作用。

发现

先前的 COVID-19 导致 B 和 T 细胞室中的疫苗反应得到改善。在先前接种过 COVID-19 的疫苗接受者中，第一剂疫苗在两次注射后诱导了与血清阴性疫苗接受者相当的高抗体浓度。这转化为更有效地中和病毒颗粒，甚至比 RBD ELISA 结果的预期更明显。此外，康复期的 T 细胞反应更强，对 SARS-CoV-2 核衣壳蛋白的反应尤其强烈。