Pulmonary drug delivery can have several advantages over other administration routes, in particular when using dry powder formulations. Such dry powder inhalation formulations generally include natural and bio-inspired excipients, which, among other purposes, are used to improve dosing reproducibility and aerosolization performance. Amino acids can enhance powder dispersibility and provide protection against moisture uptake. Sugars are used as drug-carrying diluents, stabilizers for biopharmaceuticals, and surface enrichers. Lipids and lipid-like excipients can reduce interparticle adhesive forces and are also used as constituents of liposomal drug delivery systems. Finally, biodegradable polymers are used to facilitate sustained release and targeted drug delivery. Despite their promise, pulmonary toxicity of many of the discussed excipients remains largely unknown and requires attention in future research.

与其他给药途径相比，肺部给药具有多种优势，尤其是在使用干粉制剂时。此类干粉吸入制剂通常包括天然和生物启发的赋形剂，这些赋形剂除其他用途外，用于改善给药再现性和雾化性能。氨基酸可以增强粉末的分散性并提供防止水分吸收的保护。糖类用作载药稀释剂、生物制药稳定剂和表面富集剂。脂质和类脂质赋形剂可降低颗粒间粘附力，也可用作脂质体药物递送系统的成分。最后，可生物降解的聚合物用于促进缓释和靶向药物递送。尽管他们承诺，