The development of electronics is increasingly dependent on low-cost, flexible, solution-processed semiconductors. Colloidal quantum dots are solution-processed semiconducting nanocrystals that have a size-tunable bandgap and can be fabricated on a range of substrates. Here we review developments in colloidal quantum dot electronics, focusing on luminescent, optoelectronic, memory and thermoelectric devices. We examine the role of surface chemistry in the suppression of non-radiative processes, the control of light–matter interactions and the regulation of carrier transport properties. We also highlight the prospects of perovskite quantum dots as single-photon sources, the design of new classes of colloidal quantum dots and superlattices for emerging applications and the role of hybrid device architectures in compensating for the limited carrier mobility in colloidal quantum dot solids while maintaining their tunable spectral response.

电子产品的发展越来越依赖于低成本、灵活、解决方案处理的半导体。胶体量子点是溶液处理的半导体纳米晶体，具有尺寸可调的带隙，可以在一系列基板上制造。在这里，我们回顾了胶体量子点电子学的发展，重点是发光、光电、存储器和热电器件。我们研究了表面化学在抑制非辐射过程、控制光-物质相互作用和调节载流子传输特性中的作用。我们还强调了钙钛矿量子点作为单光子源的前景，