Phase Separation in Cell Polarity,Biochemistry

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Phase Separation in Cell Polarity
Biochemistry ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-11 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00372
Heyang Wei ₁ , Wenyu Wen ₁

Affiliation

Cells are biochemically and morphologically polarized, which allows them to produce different cell shapes for various functions. Remarkably, some polarity protein complexes are asymmetrically recruited and concentrated on limited membrane regions, which is essential for the establishment and maintenance of diverse cell polarity. Though the components and mutual interactions within these protein complexes have been extensively investigated, how these proteins autonomously concentrate at local membranes and whether they have the same organization mechanism in the condensed assembly as that in aqueous solution remain elusive. A number of recent studies suggest that these highly concentrated polarity protein assemblies are membraneless biomolecular condensates which form through liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of specific proteins. In this perspective, we summarize the LLPS-driven condensed protein assemblies found in asymmetric cell division, epithelial cell polarity, and neuronal synapse formation and function. These findings suggest that LLPS may be a general strategy for cells to achieve local condensation of specific proteins, thus establishing cell polarity.

中文翻译：

细胞极性的相分离

细胞在生化和形态上是极化的，这使它们能够为各种功能产生不同的细胞形状。值得注意的是，一些极性蛋白质复合物不对称地募集并集中在有限的膜区域，这对于建立和维持不同的细胞极性至关重要。尽管已经对这些蛋白质复合物中的成分和相互作用进行了广泛的研究，但这些蛋白质如何自主地集中在局部膜上，以及它们在凝聚组装中是否具有与水溶液中相同的组织机制仍然难以捉摸。最近的一些研究表明，这些高度浓缩的极性蛋白质组装体是通过特定蛋白质的液-液相分离 (LLPS) 形成的无膜生物分子凝聚物。从这个角度来看，我们总结了在不对称细胞分裂、上皮细胞极性和神经元突触形成和功能中发现的 LLPS 驱动的浓缩蛋白组装。这些发现表明，LLPS 可能是细胞实现特定蛋白质局部凝聚，从而建立细胞极性的一般策略。

更新日期：2021-09-14

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