Abstract

Centaurea is a value-ultimate genus of medicinal plants showing high diversification levels, especially within the Mediterranean basin, and is still traditionally recognized as a complicated taxon. So far, few studies utilizing molecular markers have been done on Centaurea spp. towards a better dissection of its phylogeny and accurate assessment of genetic diversity. Here, two functional marker systems, start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism and CAAT box-derived polymorphism (CBDP), were implemented to assess the genetic diversity between eight wild Centaurea species in Egypt. Seventeen SCoT and 19 CBDP primers generated 197 and 179 bands, respectively. These primers generated 158 (80.2%) and 131 (73.18%) polymorphic amplicons with an average of 9.29 and 6.89 amplicons per primer, respectively. SCoT primers exhibited higher levels in % of polymorphism, % of heterozygosity, effective multiplex ratio, discriminating power, resolving power parameters compared to the CBDP. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between SCoT and CBDP in polymorphism information content, marker index and mean heterozygosity parameters. The UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) dendrogram of the combined data classified the Centaurea species under two major clades; the first comprised two species, whereas the second grouped five species. C. pallescens was kept separated as the most diverged among the eight Centaurea species. Principal component analysis (PCA) topology revealed highly similar results to those obtained from the cluster analysis. Ultimately, our results represent the first report utilising two gene-targeting marker systems as powerful techniques for assessing the genetic variability and relatedness among these eight valuable Centaurea species.

摘要

Centaurea是具有高度多样化水平的药用植物的终极价值属，尤其是在地中海盆地内，并且传统上仍被认为是一个复杂的分类群。到目前为止，很少有利用分子标记对Centaurea spp 进行的研究。更好地剖析其系统发育和准确评估遗传多样性。在这里，两个功能标记系统，启动密码子靶向（SCOT）多态性和CAAT盒衍生多态性（CBDP），得到实施，以评估8个野生之间的遗传多样性矢车菊埃及的物种。17 个 SCoT 和 19 个 CBDP 引物分别产生了 197 个和 179 个条带。这些引物分别产生 158 (80.2%) 和 131 (73.18%) 个多态性扩增子，每个引物平均分别为 9.29 和 6.89 个扩增子。与 CBDP 相比，SCoT 引物在多态性百分比、杂合性百分比、有效多重比、区分能力、分辨能力参数方面表现出更高的水平。相比之下，SCoT 和 CBDP 在多态性信息含量、标记指数和平均杂合性参数方面没有观察到显着差异。组合数据的 UPGMA（具有算术平均值的未加权配对组方法）树状图将Centaurea物种分类为两个主要进化枝；第一个包含两个物种，而第二个包含五个物种。C. pallescens作为八种Centaurea物种中分歧最大的物种而保持分离。主成分分析 (PCA) 拓扑揭示了与从聚类分析中获得的结果高度相似的结果。最终，我们的结果代表了第一份利用两个基因靶向标记系统作为评估这八个有价值的Centaurea物种之间遗传变异性和相关性的强大技术的报告。