Abstract

The study aimed at investigating age and gender differences in cognitive reserve (CR) and whether CR can contribute to everyday and physical activity and fluid reasoning in older adults. Participants (N = 294), categorized into three age groups: young-old, middle-old, and old-old, completed the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq), the Everyday Activity Questionnaire (EAQ), the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), and the Unbalanced Structure Test (UST). The old-old had significantly lower scores on CRI-Total, CRI-Working activity, and CRI-Leisure time compared to young-old and middle-old. Men showed higher scores than women on all CR subscales except for CRI-Leisure time where no significant difference was found. Younger age and higher CRI-Leisure time predicted higher scores on PASE, EAQ, and UST, while higher scores on CRI-Education predicted EAQ and UST. Higher CR seems to enable a more active and healthier lifestyle, while CRIq is a useful tool in the assessment of cognitive potential in the elderly.

摘要

该研究旨在调查认知储备 (CR) 的年龄和性别差异，以及 CR 是否有助于老年人的日常和身体活动以及流畅推理。参与者（N = 294), 分为青年、中年、老年三个年龄段, 完成认知储备指数问卷(CRIq)、日常活动量表(EAQ)、老年人体力活动量表(PASE) ), 和不平衡结构测试 (UST)。与年轻人和中年人相比，老年人在 CRI-Total、CRI-Working 活动和 CRI-Leisure 时间上的得分显着较低。除了 CRI-Leisure time 没有发现显着差异外，男性在所有 CR 子量表上的得分都高于女性。年龄越小和 CRI-Leisure 时间越长预示着 PASE、EAQ 和 UST 得分越高，而 CRI-Education 得分越高预示着 EAQ 和 UST。较高的 CR 似乎可以实现更积极、更健康的生活方式，而 CRIq 是评估老年人认知潜力的有用工具。