Monocytes are bone marrow derived innate myeloid cells that circulate in the blood and play important roles in infection and inflammation. As part of the mononuclear phagocytic system, monocytes provide innate effector functions, support the adaptive immune response, and play a role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In addition to their role in sensing pathogen-associated molecular patterns using several pattern recognition receptors, monocytes are characterized by their ability to ingest and kill microbes, to produce cytokines and chemokines, and to present antigens to T cells. For a long time, monocytes have been considered as a homogenous cell population, characterized by the expression of CD14, the receptor of lipopolysaccharide. Studies in several species have shown that the monocyte population consists of phenotypically and functionally different cell subsets. In this review, we report a comprehensive phenotyping of monocyte subsets in cattle. In addition, the most characterizing cell markers and gating strategies for detailed immunophenotyping of bovine monocyte subsets are discussed.

中文翻译：

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健康牛外周血单核细胞的综合表型分析

单核细胞是骨髓衍生的先天性骨髓细胞，在血液中循环并在感染和炎症中起重要作用。作为单核吞噬系统的一部分，单核细胞提供先天效应功能，支持适应性免疫反应，并在维持组织稳态中发挥作用。除了它们在使用几种模式识别受体感知病原体相关分子模式方面的作用外，单核细胞还具有摄取和杀死微生物、产生细胞因子和趋化因子以及将抗原呈递给 T 细胞的能力。长期以来，单核细胞一直被认为是同质的细胞群，其特点是表达脂多糖受体 CD14。对几个物种的研究表明，单核细胞群由表型和功能上不同的细胞亚群组成。在这篇综述中，我们报告了牛单核细胞亚群的综合表型。此外，还讨论了牛单核细胞亚群详细免疫表型分析的最具特征的细胞标记和门控策略。