Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a leading cause of global mortality with diet and genetics being considered amongst the most significant risk factors. Recently, studies have identified a single polymorphism of the TCF7L2 gene (rs7903146) as the most important genetic contributor. However, no studies have explored this factor in a healthy population and using glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), which is a reliable long-term indicator of glucose management. This study investigates the association of the genetic polymorphism rs7903146 and dietary intake with T2D risk in a population free of metabolic disease. Methods: T2D risk was assessed using HbA1c plasma concentrations and dietary intake via a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire in 70 healthy participants. Results: T allele carriers had higher HbA1c levels than the CC group (32.4 ± 7.2 mmol/mol vs. 30.3 ± 7.6 mmol/mol, p = 0.005). Multiple regression reported associations between diet, genotype and HbA1c levels accounting for 37.1% of the variance in HbA1c (adj. R² = 0.371, p #x3c; 0.001). The following macronutrients, expressed as a median percentage of total energy intake (TEI) in the risk group, were positively associated with HbA1c concentration: carbohydrate (≥39% TEI, p #x3c; 0.005; 95% CI 0.030/0.130) protein (≥21% TEI, p #x3c; 0.005, 95% CI 0.034/0.141), monounsaturated (≥15% TEI p #x3c; 0.05, 95% CI 0.006/0.163) and saturated fatty acids (≥13% TEI; p #x3c; 0.05, 95% CI 0.036/0.188). Conclusion: Carriers of the T allele showed significantly higher levels of HbA1c compared to non-carriers. Dietary intake affected T2D risk to a greater extent than genetic effects of TCF7L2rs7903146 genotype in a healthy population. The study focus on healthy individuals is beneficial due to the applicability of findings for T2D screening.
Lifestyle Genomics

中文翻译：

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膳食摄入量和 TCF7L2 rs7903146 T 等位基因与健康个体的血糖水平升高有关

简介： 2 型糖尿病 (T2D) 是全球死亡的主要原因，饮食和遗传被认为是最重要的风险因素之一。最近，研究已确定TCF7L2基因（rs7903146）的单一多态性是最重要的遗传贡献者。然而，没有研究在健康人群中探索这一因素并使用糖化血红蛋白 (HbA1c)，这是血糖管理的可靠长期指标。本研究调查了遗传多态性 rs7903146 和饮食摄入与无代谢疾病人群中 T2D 风险的关系。方法：通过对 70 名健康参与者进行验证的食物频率问卷，使用 HbA1c 血浆浓度和膳食摄入量评估 T2D 风险。结果： T 等位基因携带者的 HbA1c 水平高于 CC 组（32.4 ± 7.2 mmol/mol vs. 30.3 ± 7.6 mmol/mol， p = 0.005）。多元回归报告了饮食、基因型和 HbA1c 水平之间的关联，占 HbA1c 变异的 37.1%（调整R ² = 0.371， p #x3c；0.001）。以下常量营养素（以风险组总能量摄入 (TEI) 的中位数百分比表示）与 HbA1c 浓度呈正相关：碳水化合物（≥39% TEI， p #x3c；0.005；95% CI 0.030/0.130）蛋白质（ ≥21% TEI, p #x3c; 0.005, 95% CI 0.034/0.141)，单不饱和脂肪酸 (≥15% TEI p #x3c; 0.05, 95% CI 0.006/0.163) 和饱和脂肪酸 (≥13% TEI;p #x3c; 0.05, 95% CI 0.036/0.188)。结论：与非携带者相比，T 等位基因携带者的 HbA1c 水平显着升高。在健康人群中，饮食摄入对 T2D 风险的影响比TCF7L2 rs7903146 基因型的遗传影响更大。由于研究结果对 T2D 筛查的适用性，这项针对健康个体的研究是有益的。
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