Papaya (Carica papaya L.) production suffers from a multitude of abiotic and biotic constraints, among those are insect pests, diseases, and environmental conditions. One of the seriously damaging pests of papaya is invasive papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus, which can inflict heavy yield loss if not contained. Little information on papaya mealybug species has been documented due to challenges in identification approaches to species level. The current approach is based on the morphological features which are restricted to the mealybug life cycle leading to unclear identification. In Sub-Saharan Africa, where a wide diversity of mealybug species exists, it is essential to have a correct identification of these insect species due to the specificity of control measures. Molecular identification could be the best way to identify the mealybug at the species level. Presently, farmers rely heavily on chemical pesticides as their only available option for papaya mealybug control. The overuse of pesticides due to insect waxy covering has led to the development of pesticide resistance and the negative impact on the local ecosystem. Alternatively, the use of plant essential oils (EOs) with adjuvant is suggested as the safe solution to papaya mealybug control as they contain a rich source of natural chemicals that dissolve the insect wax layer, causing the cell membrane to rupture eventually leading to death. This review provides current research knowledge about the papaya mealybug identification approaches and plant EOs from Sweet orange, garlic, castor, and adjuvant (isopropyl alcohol, and paraffin) as sustainable papaya mealybug management.

中文翻译：

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植物精油木瓜粉蚧鉴定与管理综述

木瓜 (Carica papaya L.) 的生产受到多种非生物和生物限制，其中包括害虫、疾病和环境条件。木瓜危害严重的害虫之一是木瓜粉蚧，如不加以控制，会造成严重的产量损失。由于物种水平鉴定方法的挑战，有关木瓜粉蚧物种的信息很少。目前的方法是基于形态特征，这些特征仅限于粉蚧生命周期，导致识别不明确。在撒哈拉以南非洲，粉蚧种类繁多，由于控制措施的特殊性，必须正确识别这些昆虫种类。分子鉴定可能是在物种水平上鉴定粉蚧的最佳方法。目前，农民严重依赖化学农药作为控制木瓜粉蚧的唯一选择。由于昆虫蜡质覆盖而过度使用杀虫剂导致了杀虫剂抗药性的发展以及对当地生态系统的负面影响。或者，建议使用植物精油 (EO) 和佐剂作为控制木瓜粉蚧的安全解决方案，因为它们含有丰富的天然化学物质来源，可溶解昆虫蜡层，导致细胞膜破裂最终导致死亡。这篇综述提供了有关木瓜粉蚧鉴定方法和甜橙、大蒜、蓖麻和佐剂（异丙醇、