We assessed long-term cultivation effects on several structural stability indicators within the 0- to 5- and 10- to 15-cm depth increments of different Oxisols. Comparisons were made between native and cultivated soils managed using no-till (NT) practices for 12⁺ years. Overall, conversion significantly decreased structure stability due to machinery traffic, high fertilizer and lime applications, soil organic matter (SOM) depletion, and reduced input of organic material (roots and crop residues). The magnitude of change varied depending on inherent (mineralogy) and dynamic (cropping system) factors, as well as soil depth. Kaolinitic Oxisols were much more susceptible to degradation than Gibbsitic Oxisols. Combining more diversified cropping systems with NT can mitigate the negative effects of cultivation by increasing living vegetation and crop residue additions throughout the entire year. Increased quantity and quality of SOM input improves soil biological activity and improves topsoil structural stability. Those changes also reduce eluviation of dispersed clay (primarily kaolinite) with percolating water and prevent concentration of the clay at the 10 to 15 cm depth, which further degrades the soil by contributing to formation of the dense subsurface layers beneath either NT or conventional production systems.

我们评估了在不同氧化土的 0 到 5 厘米和 10 到 15 厘米深度增量内对几个结构稳定性指标的长期栽培效果。比较使用免耕（NT）实践12管理本地和耕地土壤之间做出⁺年。总体而言，由于机械交通、高施肥和石灰施用、土壤有机质 (SOM) 耗竭以及有机材料（根和作物残留物）输入减少，转化显着降低了结构稳定性。变化的幅度因固有（矿物学）和动态（种植系统）因素以及土壤深度而异。高岭石氧化溶胶比三水铝石氧化溶胶更容易降解。将更多样化的种植系统与 NT 相结合，可以通过增加全年的活植被和作物残留物来减轻种植的负面影响。增加 SOM 输入的数量和质量可提高土壤生物活性并提高表土结构稳定性。