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Targeting uncertainty in smart CPS by confidence-based logic
Journal of Systems and Software ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-12 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.111065
Tomáš Bureš 1 , Petr Hnětynka 1 , František Plášil 1 , Dominik Škoda 1 , Jan Kofroň 1 , Rima Al Ali 1 , Ilias Gerostathopoulos 2
Affiliation  

Since Smart Cyber–Physical Systems (sCPS) are complex and decentralized systems of dynamically cooperating components, architecture-based adaptation is of high importance in their design. In this context, a key challenge is that they typically operate in uncertain environments. Thus, an inherent requirement in sCPS design is the need to deal with the uncertainty of data coming from the environment. Existing approaches often rely on the fact that an adequate model of the environment and/or base probabilities or a prior distribution of data are available. In this paper, we present a specific logic (CB logic), which, based on statistical testing, allows specifying transition guards in architecture-based adaptation without requiring knowledge of the base probabilities or prior knowledge about the data distribution. Applicable in state machines’ transition guards in general, CB logic provides a number of operators over time series that simplify the filtering, resampling, and statistics-backed comparisons of time series, making the application of multiple statistical procedures easy for non-experts. The viability of our approach is illustrated on a running example and a case study demonstrating how CB logic simplifies adaptation triggers. Moreover, a library with a Java and C ++ implementation of CB logic’s key operators is available on GitHub.



中文翻译:

通过基于置信度的逻辑瞄准智能 CPS 中的不确定性

由于智能网络物理系统 (sCPS) 是由动态协作组件组成的复杂且分散的系统,因此基于架构的适应性在其设计中非常重要。在这种情况下,一个关键挑战是它们通常在不确定的环境中运行。因此,sCPS 设计的一个内在要求是需要处理来自环境的数据的不确定性。现有的方法通常依赖于这样一个事实,即环境和/或基本概率的适当模型或数据的先验分布可用。在本文中,我们提出了一种特定的逻辑(CB 逻辑),它基于统计测试,允许在基于架构的适应中指定转换保护,而无需了解基本概率或有关数据分布的先验知识。CB 逻辑一般适用于状态机的转换保护,提供了许多时间序列上的运算符,简化了时间序列的过滤、重采样和统计支持的比较,使非专家可以轻松应用多个统计程序。我们的方法的可行性在一个运行示例和一个案例研究中得到了说明,该案例研究展示了 CB 逻辑如何简化适应触发器。此外,GitHub 上提供了一个包含 CB 逻辑关键运算符的 Java 和 C++ 实现的库。我们的方法的可行性在一个运行示例和一个案例研究中得到了说明,该案例研究展示了 CB 逻辑如何简化适应触发器。此外,GitHub 上提供了一个包含 CB 逻辑关键运算符的 Java 和 C++ 实现的库。我们的方法的可行性在一个运行示例和一个案例研究中得到了说明,该案例研究展示了 CB 逻辑如何简化适应触发器。此外,GitHub 上提供了一个包含 CB 逻辑关键运算符的 Java 和 C++ 实现的库。

更新日期:2021-08-24
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