Study Objective

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and dysmenorrhea on daily activity and quality of life (QoL) in young women engaged in demanding activities.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Participants

A total of 422 Israeli women soldiers in combat and non-combat roles.

Interventions

Participants were asked to provide consent and to complete study questionnaires.

Main Outcome Measures

A pictorial bleeding assessment chart (PBAC), visual analog scale (VAS), verbal multidimensional scoring system for assessment of dysmenorrhea, and approved Hebrew-translated age-appropriate Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL).

Results

HMB (PBAC >100) and severe HMB (PBAC >185) were demonstrated in 181 (50%) and 96 (26%) participants, respectively. A high PBAC score was recorded in 20% who answered “no” or “unknown” in the questionnaire on having HMB. Mild, moderate, and severe dysmenorrhea were demonstrated in 80 (21.5%), 115 (31%), and 142 (38%) participants, respectively. The prevalence of HMB and dysmenorrhea was similar in soldiers in combat and non-combat roles. Diagnosis of HMB was related to the lower fitness-for-service score, history of bleeding, and dysmenorrhea. Daily activity and QoL were both affected by the severity of HMB and dysmenorrhea.

Conclusion

Underdiagnosis of HMB and dysmenorrhea results from a combination of unawareness from the women's side and inattention from the system. In an era of female empowerment, each woman should be at the optimal physiological and psychological level to start her career; thus, addressing the menstrual burden and providing effective treatment is needed in the military scenario and other settings with demanding activities.

中文翻译：

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严重月经出血和痛经的女兵活动和生活质量降低

学习目标

该研究的目的是检查大量月经出血 (HMB) 和痛经对从事高要求活动的年轻女性的日常活动和生活质量 (QoL) 的影响。

设计

横断面研究。

参与者

共有 422 名以色列女兵担任战斗和非战斗角色。

干预措施

参与者被要求提供同意并完成研究问卷。

主要观察指标

图形出血评估表 (PBAC)、视觉模拟量表 (VAS)、用于评估痛经的口头多维评分系统，以及经批准的希伯来语翻译适龄儿科生活质量量表 (PedsQL)。

结果

HMB (PBAC >100) 和严重 HMB (PBAC >185) 分别在 181 (50%) 和 96 (26%) 名参与者中得到证实。在关于患有 HMB 的问卷中回答“否”或“未知”的 20% 记录了高 PBAC 分数。分别有 80 名 (21.5%)、115 名 (31%) 和 142 名 (38%) 参与者出现轻度、中度和重度痛经。在战斗和非战斗角色中，HMB 和痛经的患病率相似。HMB 的诊断与较低的服务适应性评分、出血史和痛经有关。日常活动和生活质量都受到 HMB 和痛经严重程度的影响。

结论

HMB 和痛经的诊断不足是由于女性方面的不了解和系统的疏忽共同造成的。在女性赋权的时代，每个女性都应该处于最佳的生理和心理水平来开始她的职业生涯；因此，在军事场景和其他活动要求苛刻的环境中，需要解决月经负担并提供有效的治疗。