Microplastics (MPs) (< 5 mm) and nanoplastics (NPs) (< 100 nm) are emerging environmental pollutants and have been proved could cause a series of toxicity in aquatic organisms. In this study, the effects on gut microbiota of adult zebrafish exposed for 21 days to 10 μg/L and 1 mg/L of MPs (8 μm) and NPs (80 nm) were evaluated. We analyzed the intestinal microbial community of zebrafish using high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3–V4 region and also performed transcriptional profiling of the inflammation pathway related genes in the intestinal tissues. Our results showed that both spherical polystyrene MPs and NPs could induce microbiota dysbiosis in the gut of zebrafish. The flora diversity of gut microbiota significantly increased under a high concentration of NPs. At the phylum level, the abundance of Proteobacteria increased significantly and the abundance of Fusobacteria, Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobiota decreased significantly in the gut after 21-day exposure to 1 mg/L of both MPs and NPs. Furthermore, interestingly, the abundance of Actinobacteria decreased in the MPs treatment groups but increased in the NPs treatment groups. At the genus level, revealed that the relative abundance of Aeromonas significantly increased both in the MPs and NPs treatment groups. Moreover, it was observed that NPs increased mRNA levels of il8, il10, il1β and tnfα in the gut, but not in MPs exposure group, indicating that the NPs may have a more serious effect on the gut of zebrafish than MPs to induce microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation in the gut.

微塑料 (MPs) (< 5 mm) 和纳米塑料 (NPs) (< 100 nm) 是新兴的环境污染物，已被证明会对水生生物造成一系列毒性。在这项研究中，评估了暴露于 10 μg/L 和 1 mg/L MPs (8 μm) 和 NPs (80 nm) 21 天对成年斑马鱼肠道微生物群的影响。我们使用 16S rRNA 基因 V3-V4 区域的高通量测序分析了斑马鱼的肠道微生物群落，并对肠道组织中的炎症通路相关基因进行了转录分析。我们的结果表明，球形聚苯乙烯 MP 和 NP 均可诱导斑马鱼肠道微生物群失调。在高浓度 NPs 下，肠道微生物群的菌群多样性显着增加。在门级，在暴露于 1 mg/L 的 MP 和 NP 21 天后，变形杆菌的丰度显着增加，而梭杆菌、厚壁菌门和疣状微生物群的丰度显着降低。此外，有趣的是，放线菌的丰度在 MPs 治疗组中下降，但在 NPs 治疗组中增加。在属水平上，揭示了 MPs 和 NPs 处理组中气单胞菌的相对丰度显着增加。此外，观察到 NPs 增加了 在属水平上，揭示了 MPs 和 NPs 处理组中气单胞菌的相对丰度显着增加。此外，观察到 NPs 增加了 在属水平上，揭示了 MPs 和 NPs 处理组中气单胞菌的相对丰度显着增加。此外，观察到 NPs 增加了il8、il10、il1β和tnfα在肠道中，但在 MPs 暴露组中没有，表明 NPs 对斑马鱼肠道的影响可能比 MPs 更严重，以诱导肠道菌群失调和炎症。