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Magma propagation and emplacement within the central intrusive complex of Summer Coon stratovolcano, Colorado
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-11 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107372
Andrew G. Harp 1, 2
Affiliation  

A field-based study used geologic mapping and a ground-based magnetic survey to investigate the exhumed central intrusive complex (CIC) of Summer Coon stratovolcano in Colorado. The CIC comprises a group of diorite to granodiorite stocks and sub-vertical domains of conduit-filling breccia hosted within basaltic-andesite breccia associated with cone building. The stocks serve as the focal points for 53 basaltic-andesite (mafic) and 36 andesite to rhyolite (evolved) radial dikes mapped within the CIC. The evolved dikes with outcrop lengths (strike length) of <650 m are confined to the central areas of the CIC, cut through the stocks, and have steeply plunging terminal segments. In contrast, most evolved dikes with outcrop lengths >1600 m are excluded from the central areas of the CIC, do not cut through the stocks, and have terminal segments that plunge shallowly toward their focus. Assuming the dikes are blade-shaped and that they originated directly below the CIC, the propagation direction of the evolved dikes was estimated using the plunge angles, spatial distribution, and dike outcrop lengths. The relatively long dikes may have ascended toward the level of exposure along inclined paths. These dikes remained exclusively within the basaltic-andesite breccia and, probably due to the higher relative stiffness of the stocks, were unable to propagate through the stocks as they ascended. Upon approaching the level of exposure, the same dikes encountered a stress barrier likely generated by the gravitational load of the edifice. This barrier altered the dike propagation paths from inclined to sub-horizontal, significantly increasing their outcrop lengths. In contrast, the dikes with short outcrop lengths ascended along primarily sub-vertical paths, intersecting the level of exposure within the central portions of the CIC. To propagate sub-vertically through both the relatively stiff stocks and a potential stress barrier, the magma overpressures within the shorter dikes may have been higher relative to the longer sub-horizontally propagating dikes. It is probable that at active volcanoes, only dikes with sufficiently high overpressures can ascend through the central intrusive complex of mature stratovolcanoes to feed eruptions near the summit. Perhaps more frequently, stress barriers and existing intrusions stall or deflect dikes with lower relative overpressures toward the slopes of the volcano where they may feed flank eruptions.



中文翻译:

科罗拉多州夏库恩成层火山中央侵入杂岩内的岩浆传播和侵位

一项基于实地的研究使用地质测绘和地面磁力勘测来调查科罗拉多州 Summer Coon 层状火山挖掘出的中央侵入岩体 (CIC)。CIC 包括一组闪长岩到花岗闪长岩储量和与锥体建造相关的玄武安山角砾岩内的管道填充角砾岩的亚垂直域。这些储量是在 CIC 内绘制的 53 个玄武安山岩(镁铁质)和 36 个安山岩至流纹岩(演化)放射状岩脉的焦点。露头长度(走向长度)<650 m 的演化岩脉被限制在 CIC 的中心区域,穿过种群,并具有陡峭的终端段。相比之下,大多数露头长度 > 1600 m 的进化堤被排除在 CIC 的中心区域之外,不切穿储量,并具有向着它们的焦点浅浅地插入的末端段。假设堤坝是叶片状的,并且它们起源于 CIC 正下方,则使用倾角、空间分布和堤坝露头长度估计演化的堤坝的传播方向。相对较长的堤防可能已经沿着倾斜的路径上升到暴露水平。这些岩脉完全保留在玄武安山角砾岩内,可能是由于种群的相对刚度较高,当它们上升时无法通过种群传播。在接近暴露水平时,相同的堤防遇到了可能由建筑物的重力载荷产生的应力屏障。这个屏障改变了堤坝的传播路径,从倾斜到亚水平,显着增加了它们的露头长度。相比之下,露头长度较短的堤坝主要沿着亚垂直路径上升,与 CIC 中心部分的暴露水平相交。为了通过相对坚硬的岩浆和潜在的应力屏障进行亚垂直传播,相对于较长的亚水平传播岩脉,较短岩脉内的岩浆超压可能更高。很可能在活火山中,只有具有足够高超压的堤坝才能通过成熟层状火山的中央侵入复合体上升,以供给山顶附近的喷发。也许更常见的是,压力障碍和现有的入侵使相对超压较低的堤坝停止或偏转到火山的斜坡,在那里它们可能会为侧翼喷发提供动力。露头长度较短的堤坝主要沿着亚垂直路径上升,与 CIC 中心部分的暴露水平相交。为了通过相对坚硬的岩浆和潜在的应力屏障进行亚垂直传播,相对于较长的亚水平传播岩脉,较短岩脉内的岩浆超压可能更高。很可能在活火山中,只有具有足够高超压的堤坝才能通过成熟层状火山的中央侵入复合体上升,以供给山顶附近的喷发。也许更常见的是,压力障碍和现有的入侵使相对超压较低的堤坝停止或偏转到火山的斜坡,在那里它们可能会为侧翼喷发提供动力。露头长度较短的堤坝主要沿着亚垂直路径上升,与 CIC 中心部分的暴露水平相交。为了通过相对坚硬的岩浆和潜在的应力屏障进行亚垂直传播,相对于较长的亚水平传播岩脉,较短岩脉内的岩浆超压可能更高。很可能在活火山中,只有具有足够高超压的堤坝才能通过成熟层状火山的中央侵入复合体上升,以供给山顶附近的喷发。也许更常见的是,压力障碍和现有的入侵使相对超压较低的堤坝停止或偏转到火山的斜坡,在那里它们可能会为侧翼喷发提供动力。与 CIC 中心部分内的暴露水平相交。为了通过相对坚硬的岩浆和潜在的应力屏障进行亚垂直传播,相对于较长的亚水平传播岩脉,较短岩脉内的岩浆超压可能更高。很可能在活火山中,只有具有足够高超压的堤坝才能通过成熟层状火山的中央侵入复合体上升,以供给山顶附近的喷发。也许更常见的是,压力障碍和现有的入侵使相对超压较低的堤坝停止或偏转到火山的斜坡,在那里它们可能会为侧翼喷发提供动力。与 CIC 中心部分内的暴露水平相交。为了通过相对坚硬的岩浆和潜在的应力屏障进行亚垂直传播,相对于较长的亚水平传播岩脉,较短岩脉内的岩浆超压可能更高。很可能在活火山中,只有具有足够高超压的堤坝才能通过成熟层状火山的中央侵入复合体上升,以供给山顶附近的喷发。也许更常见的是,压力障碍和现有的入侵使相对超压较低的堤坝停止或偏转到火山的斜坡,在那里它们可能会为侧翼喷发提供动力。相对于较长的亚水平传播岩脉,较短岩脉内的岩浆超压可能更高。很可能在活火山中,只有具有足够高超压的堤坝才能通过成熟层状火山的中央侵入复合体上升,以供给山顶附近的喷发。也许更常见的是,压力障碍和现有的入侵使相对超压较低的堤坝停止或偏转到火山的斜坡,在那里它们可能会为侧翼喷发提供动力。相对于较长的亚水平传播岩脉,较短岩脉内的岩浆超压可能更高。很可能在活火山中,只有具有足够高超压的堤坝才能通过成熟层状火山的中央侵入复合体上升,以供给山顶附近的喷发。也许更常见的是,压力障碍和现有的入侵使相对超压较低的堤坝停止或偏转到火山的斜坡,在那里它们可能会为侧翼喷发提供动力。

更新日期:2021-08-23
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