Objectives

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is differentially concentrated within incarcerated populations. Despite the consistency of this observation, the timing of within-individual changes in criminal justice contact in relation to TBI remains under-investigated. For example, previous studies have primarily considered TBI as a causal influence of later criminal justice contact. However, TBI may also serve as a consequence of criminal justice contact or a criminogenic lifestyle. The current study simultaneously observes both possibilities by examining criminal justice contact before, around the time of, and after the first reported TBI.

Methods

Drawing from a combination of self-report and lifetime official record data from a jail cohort admitted between February 2017 and September 2017 and who sustained their first reported TBI at age 21 or older (N = 531), the current study examines jail admissions in the 24 months before and 24 months after the first reported TBI and across eight biannual intervals (N = 4,248 person-periods).

Results

Any and misdemeanor admissions slightly increased pre-TBI and continued to increase around the time of and following TBI, never returning to pre-TBI levels. Felony admissions remained stable around the time of injury and increased post-TBI. Further analyses that incorporated a comparison group revealed that these patterns are unique to the TBI group and not a result of a larger systematic process.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that the probability of jail admission is greatest post-TBI, but also increases leading up to sustaining a TBI.

中文翻译：

---

创伤性脑损伤前后入狱人数的变化

目标

创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 在被监禁人群中的集中程度不同。尽管这一观察结果是一致的，但与 TBI 相关的刑事司法接触的个人内部变化的时间仍然没有得到充分调查。例如，以前的研究主要将 TBI 视为后来刑事司法接触的因果影响。然而，TBI 也可能是刑事司法接触或犯罪生活方式的结果。当前的研究通过检查首次报告的 TBI 之前、前后和之后的刑事司法接触，同时观察了这两种可能性。

方法

根据 2017 年 2 月至 2017 年 9 月期间入狱且首次报告的 TBI 发生在 21 岁或以上 ( N  = 531)的监狱队列的自我报告和终生官方记录数据相结合，当前的研究检查了监狱入狱情况第一次报告 TBI 之前 24 个月和之后 24 个月，以及每八年一次的间隔（N  = 4,248 人周期）。

结果

任何和轻罪的入院率在 TBI 前略有增加，并且在 TBI 前后持续增加，永远不会恢复到 TBI 前的水平。重罪入院在受伤前后保持稳定，并在 TBI 后增加。纳入对照组的进一步分析表明，这些模式是 TBI 组独有的，而不是更大的系统过程的结果。

结论

这些调查结果表明，入狱的可能性在 TBI 后最大，但也会增加导致维持 TBI。