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Pachuca Obsidian Blades from the U.S. Southwest: Implications for Mesoamerican Connections and Coronado's Mexican Indian Allies
American Antiquity ( IF 3.129 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-11 , DOI: 10.1017/aaq.2021.65
Sean G. Dolan 1 , M. Steven Shackley 2
Affiliation  

The connection between people in the prehispanic U.S. Southwest / Northwest Mexico (SW/NW) and Mesoamerica is one of the most debated research topics in American archaeology. SW/NW groups used objects from Mesoamerica, but did they also trade for obsidian? Archaeologists have yet to find Mesoamerican obsidian from confirmed prehispanic SW/NW contexts, but here we discuss four green obsidian prismatic blades from New Mexico and Arizona. Using EDXRF spectrometry, we demonstrate that the blades are from the Pachuca source in Mesoamerica. The blades were found at four sites that the Spanish and their Mexican Indian allies used or potentially visited beginning in AD 1540. Using lithic technological organization and historical narratives, we assess the credibility of the different hypothesized models of prehispanic SW/NW-Mesoamerican interaction and obsidian use by the Mexican Indian allies. We suggest that green Pachuca blades would have been traded into the SW/NW if interaction with Mesoamerica had occurred more frequently. We also offer reasons why archaeologists have found so few Mesoamerican obsidian blades at post-1540 sites. This research is relevant because it expands our knowledge about SW/NW-Mesoamerican connections and the Mexican Indian allies of the Spanish, who are an underrepresented group in the archaeological and historical records.



中文翻译:

来自美国西南部的帕丘卡黑曜石刀片:对中美洲联系和科罗纳多的墨西哥印第安盟友的影响

美国西南部/墨西哥西北部 (SW/NW) 与中美洲的前西班牙裔人之间的联系是美国考古学中最具争议的研究课题之一。SW/NW 团体使用来自中美洲的物品,但他们也交易黑曜石吗?考古学家尚未从确认的西班牙前西南/西北地区找到中美洲黑曜石,但在这里我们讨论了来自新墨西哥州和亚利桑那州的四个绿色黑曜石棱柱叶片。使用 EDXRF 光谱法,我们证明叶片来自中美洲的帕丘卡源。从公元 1540 年开始,在西班牙及其墨西哥印第安盟友使用或可能访问的四个地点发现了这些刀片。 利用石器技术组织和历史叙述,我们评估了墨西哥印第安盟友对西班牙前西南/西北-中美洲相互作用和黑曜石使用的不同假设模型的可信度。我们建议,如果与中美洲的互动更频繁,绿色帕丘卡刀片会被交易到西南/西北。我们还提供了为什么考古学家在 1540 年后的遗址中发现的中美洲黑曜石刀片如此之少的原因。这项研究是相关的,因为它扩展了我们对西南/西北-中美洲联系和西班牙人的墨西哥印第安盟友的了解,他们是考古和历史记录中代表性不足的群体。我们还提供了为什么考古学家在 1540 年后的遗址中发现的中美洲黑曜石刀片如此之少的原因。这项研究是相关的,因为它扩展了我们对西南/西北-中美洲联系和西班牙人的墨西哥印第安盟友的了解,他们是考古和历史记录中代表性不足的群体。我们还提供了为什么考古学家在 1540 年后的遗址中发现的中美洲黑曜石刀片如此之少的原因。这项研究是相关的,因为它扩展了我们对西南/西北-中美洲联系和西班牙人的墨西哥印第安盟友的了解,他们是考古和历史记录中代表性不足的群体。

更新日期:2021-08-11
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