Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, causing 782,000 deaths in 2018. Poor prognosis and lack of treatment are the reasons for the high mortality rate of HCC. In the current study, we conducted a comparative transcriptomic analysis, followed by a series of bioinformatics analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), aiming to unfold the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the development of HCC. In the comparative transcriptomic analysis of 10 pairs of HCC tumoral tissues and adjunct nontumoral tissues, we identified 115 common differentially expressed genes in HCC. The GO enrichment analysis of these genes highlighted alterations in the immune response, cell proliferation and DNA damage, energetic metabolism, cell–matrix adhesion, and filament assembly in HCC. In addition, the canonical pathway analysis of IPA further showed the importance of many cell-signaling pathways involved in the carcinogenesis of HCC. The findings of this study provide a cluster of novel biomarkers and molecular therapeutic targets for HCC diagnosis and treatment.

中文翻译：

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人类肝癌的新生物标志物和治疗靶点：转录组学发现

肝细胞癌（HCC）是全球癌症相关死亡的最常见原因之一，2018年导致782,000人死亡。预后不良和缺乏治疗是HCC死亡率高的原因。在目前的研究中，我们进行了比较转录组分析，随后进行了一系列生物信息学分析，包括基因本体（GO）富集分析和独创性通路分析（IPA），旨在揭示HCC发展的详细分子机制。在对 10 对 HCC 肿瘤组织和附属非肿瘤组织的比较转录组分析中，我们确定了 HCC 中 115 个常见的差异表达基因。这些基因的 GO 富集分析突出了免疫反应、细胞增殖和 DNA 损伤、能量代谢、细胞-基质粘附、和 HCC 中的灯丝组装。此外，IPA 的经典通路分析进一步显示了许多细胞信号通路参与 HCC 癌变的重要性。这项研究的结果为HCC的诊断和治疗提供了一组新的生物标志物和分子治疗靶点。