Band steaming is a non-chemical weed control method of increasing interest for highly remunerative, low competitive crops. This study aimed to test the field application of a new prototype of band-steaming machine in three organic fields under contrasting Mediterranean environmental conditions. Trials were conducted in carrot under real-field conditions to investigate the effects of three steaming doses and one control (no steaming) on weed vegetation and crop yield. Soil temperature at steaming application, weed density at species level during carrot crop growth, and weed and carrot biomass at harvest were sampled at each site. Band steaming significantly affected total weed density: when comparing the untreated control with the highest steam dose, weed density reduction ranged from 62% (−492 plants m⁻²) at site II to 94% (−146 plants m⁻²) at site III. Generally, diversity of weed communities decreased with increasing steaming dose, indicating a progressive species filtering effect: Fumaria officinalis L. and Sonchus oleraceus L. were filtered by steaming application at site I, while Polygonum lapathifolium L. and Portulaca oleracea L. were filtered at sites II and III. Weed community composition was affected by steaming dose at two sites out of three. Small seeded species (seed mass <1.5 mg) were less tolerant of steaming than species with large seeds. Through reduction in weed density, steam application gave carrot a competitive advantage, increasing fresh yield from 47% at site III (+3,646 g m^-2) to 92% at site II (+1,866 g m^-2), compared with yields at non-steamed plots.

中文翻译：

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条带蒸煮对地中海三个地点有机胡萝卜杂草控制、杂草群落多样性及组成和产量的影响

带蒸是一种非化学杂草控制方法，对高回报、低竞争力的作物越来越感兴趣。本研究旨在在对比地中海环境条件下测试新型带式蒸煮机原型在三个有机领域的现场应用。在实际田间条件下在胡萝卜中进行了试验，以研究三种蒸煮剂量和一种对照（不蒸煮）对杂草植被和作物产量的影响。在每个地点对蒸施时的土壤温度、胡萝卜作物生长期间物种水平的杂草密度以及收获时的杂草和胡萝卜生物量进行采样。条带蒸煮显着影响总杂草密度：当将未经处理的对照与最高蒸汽剂量进行比较时，杂草密度降低范围为 62%（-492 株 m ^{- 2}) 在地点 II 到 94% (-146 株植物 m ^{− 2} ) 在地点 III。一般来说，杂草群落的多样性随着蒸煮剂量的增加而降低，表明物种过滤效果渐进：Fumaria officinalis L. 和Sonchus oleraceus L. 在场地 I 通过蒸煮过滤，而Polygonum lapathifolium L. 和Portulaca oleraceaL. 在位点 II 和 III 处过滤。杂草群落组成受到三个地点中两个地点的蒸汽剂量的影响。小种子物种（种子质量 <1.5 毫克）比大种子物种更耐蒸。通过减少杂草密度，蒸汽应用了胡萝卜竞争优势，在现场从III 47％增加新鲜产率（3646克^{- 2}），以92％的位点II（1866克^{- 2}）中，用在非产率相比蒸地块。