Abstract:: Impaired metabolism is becoming one of the main causes of mortality and the identification of strategies to cure those diseases is a major public health concern. A number of therapies are being developed to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but few of them focus on situations prior to diabetes. Obesity, aging and insulin resistance are all risk factors, which fortunately can be reversed to some extent. Non-drug interventions, such as exercise, are interesting strategies to prevent the onset of diabetes, but it remains to determine the optimal dose and conditions. In the search of optimizing the effects of physical exercise to prevent T2DM, hypoxic training has emerged as an interesting and original strategy. Several recent studies have chosen to look at the effects of hypoxic training in people at risk of developing T2DM. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review is to give an overview of all original articles having tested the effects of a single exercise or exercise training in hypoxia on glucose metabolism and other health-related parameters in people at risk of developing T2DM. Taken together, the data on the effects of hypoxic training on glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and the health status of people at risk of T2DM are inconclusive. Some studies show that hypoxic training can improve glucose metabolism and the health status to a greater extent than normoxic training, while others do not corroborate the latter. When an additional benefit of hypoxic vs normoxic training is found, it still remains to determine which signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms are involved.

Keywords: hypoxic training, glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, obesity, prediabetes


中文翻译：

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缺氧时的体育锻炼是预防 2 型糖尿病发展的有趣策略吗？叙事评论

摘要::新陈代谢受损正在成为死亡的主要原因之一，确定治愈这些疾病的策略是一个主要的公共卫生问题。正在开发许多治疗 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 的疗法，但其中很少有人关注糖尿病之前的情况。肥胖、衰老和胰岛素抵抗都是危险因素，幸运的是可以在一定程度上逆转。非药物干预，如运动，是预防糖尿病发作的有趣策略，但仍有待确定最佳剂量和条件。在寻求优化体育锻炼的效果以预防 T2DM 的过程中，低氧训练已成为一种有趣且新颖的策略。最近的几项研究选择研究低氧训练对有患 T2DM 风险的人的影响。因此，这篇叙述性评论的目的是对所有原始文章进行概述，这些文章测试了单次运动或缺氧运动训练对有患 T2DM 风险的人的葡萄糖代谢和其他健康相关参数的影响。总之，关于低氧训练对葡萄糖代谢、胰岛素敏感性和 T2DM 风险人群健康状况影响的数据尚无定论。一些研究表明，低氧训练比常氧训练能更大程度地改善糖代谢和健康状况，而其他研究则不证实后者。当发现低氧与常氧训练的额外好处时，仍然需要确定涉及哪些信号通路和分子机制。

关键词：缺氧训练，葡萄糖代谢，胰岛素抵抗，肥胖，糖尿病前期