To estimate the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its subtypes and investigate the impact of midlife cardiovascular risk factors on late-life MCI among the aging Mexican population.

Analyses included a sample of non-demented adults over the age of 55 living in both urban and rural areas of Mexico (N = 1807). MCI diagnosis was assigned based on a comprehensive cognitive assessment assessing the domains of memory, executive functioning, language, and visuospatial ability. The normative sample was selected by means of the robust norms approach. Cognitive impairment was defined by a 1.5-SD cut-off per cognitive domain using normative corrections for age, years of education, and sex. Risk factors included age, education, sex, rurality, depression, insurance status, workforce status, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and heart disease.

The prevalence of amnestic MCI was 5.9%. Other MCI subtypes ranged from 4.2% to 7.7%. MCI with and without memory impairment was associated with older age (OR = 1.01 [1.01, 1.05]; OR = 1.03 [1.01, 1.04], respectively) and residing in rural areas (OR = 1.49 [1.08, 2.06]; OR = 1.35 [1.03, 1.77], respectively). Depression (OR = 1.07 [1.02, 1.12]), diabetes (OR = 1.37 [1.03, 1.82]), and years of education (OR = 0.94 [0.91, 0.97]) were associated with MCI without memory impairment. Midlife CVD increased the odds of MCI in late-life (OR = 1.76 [1.19, 2.59], which was driven by both midlife hypertension and diabetes (OR = 1.70 [1.18, 2.44]; OR = 1.88 [1.19, 2.97], respectively).

Older age, depression, low education, rurality, and midlife hypertension and diabetes were associated with higher risk of late-life MCI among older adults in Mexico. Our findings suggest that the causes of cognitive impairment are multifactorial and vary by MCI subtype.

旨在估计墨西哥老龄人口中轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 及其亚型的患病率，并调查中年心血管危险因素对晚年 MCI 的影响。

分析包括居住在墨西哥城市和农村地区的 55 岁以上非痴呆成年人样本 ( N = 1807)。 MCI 诊断是根据记忆、执行功能、语言和视觉空间能力等领域的综合认知评估来分配的。规范样本是通过稳健规范方法选择的。认知障碍的定义是每个认知领域的 1.5-SD 截止值，使用年龄、受教育年限和性别的规范校正。危险因素包括年龄、教育程度、性别、农村、抑郁、保险状况、劳动力状况、高血压、糖尿病、中风和心脏病。

遗忘型 MCI 的患病率为 5.9%。其他 MCI 亚型范围为 4.2% 至 7.7%。伴或不伴记忆障碍的 MCI 与年龄较大（OR = 1.01 [1.01, 1.05]；OR = 1.03 [1.01, 1.04]）和居住在农村地区（OR = 1.49 [1.08, 2.06]；OR = 1.35）相关。分别为[1.03，1.77]）。抑郁症（OR = 1.07 [1.02, 1.12]）、糖尿病（OR = 1.37 [1.03, 1.82]）和受教育年限（OR = 0.94 [0.91, 0.97]）与无记忆障碍的 MCI 相关。中年 CVD 增加晚年 MCI 的几率（OR = 1.76 [1.19, 2.59]，这是由中年高血压和糖尿病驱动的（OR = 1.70 [1.18, 2.44]；OR = 1.88 [1.19, 2.97]，分别） ）。

墨西哥老年人中，年龄较大、抑郁、教育程度低、农村生活以及中年高血压和糖尿病与晚年 MCI 的风险较高有关。我们的研究结果表明，认知障碍的原因是多因素的，并且因 MCI 亚型而异。