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Local management or wider context: What determines the value of farm revegetation plantings for birds?
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-10 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13988 Angie Haslem 1 , Rohan H. Clarke 2 , Greg J. Holland 3 , James Q. Radford 1 , Alistair Stewart 4 , Andrew F. Bennett 1
中文翻译：
本地管理或更广泛的背景：是什么决定了农场鸟类重新植被种植的价值？
更新日期：2021-08-10
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-10 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13988 Angie Haslem 1 , Rohan H. Clarke 2 , Greg J. Holland 3 , James Q. Radford 1 , Alistair Stewart 4 , Andrew F. Bennett 1
Affiliation
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- Small-scale revegetation plantings on farms are common to restoration efforts in agricultural regions worldwide. Such plantings provide habitat for diverse faunal groups. A key question concerns the degree to which their value for biodiversity is influenced by the features of individual plantings, which can be controlled by local land managers, or by broader-scale drivers in the wider landscape.
- We developed a conceptual model of factors of potential influence on birds in revegetation plantings at different spatial scales. To test this model, we surveyed native birds in 133 plantings in south-eastern Australia. Regression models were used to compare the effect of ‘habitat-’, ‘patch-’, ‘farm-’ and ‘landscape-’ scale variables on species richness (of woodland and open country birds) and the occurrence of individual species in plantings. We further tested whether the influence of variables representing local actions was swamped by larger-scale variables.
- Birds that occupied plantings were influenced by variables at all scales. Woodland birds were consistently richer and more likely to use older plantings (patch scale) with higher floristic richness (habitat scale), and surrounded by more wooded vegetation (at patch, farm and landscape scales). Open country species responded positively to the density of live trees (habitat scale) and the presence of large remnant tree/s (patch scale) in plantings.
- Variables representing local management actions generally maintained a strong influence on birds in plantings irrespective of the influence of broader drivers. Few relationships between bird species and planting attributes were contingent on features of the surrounding landscape; those that were suggested woodland birds are more responsive to local actions when broad-scale vegetation cover is greater.
- Synthesis and applications. Land managers can enhance the conservation value of plantings by (a) planting a greater diversity of trees and shrubs and (b) locating revegetation near other vegetation or around mature remnant tree/s. These actions will measurably increase the value of plantings for birds, irrespective of larger-scale drivers. Nonetheless, the important role of increased vegetation cover across broader agricultural landscapes emphasises that the collective efforts of individuals and larger initiatives are critical for conservation.
中文翻译：
本地管理或更广泛的背景：是什么决定了农场鸟类重新植被种植的价值？
- 农场的小规模植被恢复在全球农业地区的恢复工作中很常见。这种种植为不同的动物群提供栖息地。一个关键问题涉及它们对生物多样性的价值在多大程度上受单个种植的特征的影响，这些特征可以由当地土地管理者或更广泛景观中的更广泛驱动因素控制。
- 我们开发了一个关于不同空间尺度重新植被种植中对鸟类的潜在影响因素的概念模型。为了测试这个模型，我们调查了澳大利亚东南部 133 种植物中的本地鸟类。回归模型用于比较“栖息地-”、“补丁-”、“农场-”和“景观-”尺度变量对物种丰富度（林地和野外鸟类）和种植中单个物种出现的影响。我们进一步测试了代表局部动作的变量的影响是否被更大规模的变量所淹没。
- 占据种植园的鸟类受到所有尺度变量的影响。林地鸟类一直更丰富，更有可能使用植物区系丰富度更高（栖息地规模）的较老的种植（补丁规模），并且周围环绕着更多的树木繁茂的植被（在补丁、农场和景观规模）。野外物种对活树的密度（栖息地规模）和种植中存在的大型残余树木（斑块规模）做出积极响应。
- 无论更广泛的驱动因素如何，代表当地管理行动的变量通常对种植中的鸟类有很大的影响。鸟类种类和种植属性之间的关系很少取决于周围景观的特征；当大范围植被覆盖更大时，那些被认为是林地鸟类对当地行动的反应更灵敏。
- 合成与应用。土地管理者可以通过 (a) 种植更多种类的树木和灌木和 (b) 在其他植被附近或成熟的残余树木周围重新植被，来提高植物的保护价值。这些行动将显着增加鸟类种植的价值，而不管更大规模的驱动因素。尽管如此，在更广泛的农业景观中增加植被覆盖的重要作用强调了个人的集体努力和更大的举措对于保护至关重要。
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