A growing number of healthy dietary ingredients in fruits and vegetables have been shown to exhibit diverse biological activities. Phloretin, a dihydrochalcone flavonoid that is abundant in apples and pears, has anti-inflammatory effects on ulcerative colitis (UC) mice. The gut microbiota and metabolism are closely related to each other due to the existence of the food-gut axis in the human colon. To investigate the interplay of faecal metabolites and the microbiota in UC mice after phloretin treatment, phloretin (60 mg/kg) was administered by gavage to ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in mice. Gut microbes and faecal metabolite profiles were detected by high-throughput sequencing and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, respectively. The correlations between gut microbes and their metabolites were evaluated by Spearman correlation coefficients. The results indicated that phloretin reshaped the disturbed faecal metabolite profile in UC mice and improved the metabolic pathways by balancing the composition of faecal metabolites such as norepinephrine, mesalazine, tyrosine, 5-acetyl-2,4-dimethyloxazole, and 6-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4(1H)-pyridinone. Correlation analysis identified the relations between the gut microbes and their metabolites. Proteus was negatively related to many faecal metabolites, such as norepinephrine, L-tyrosine, laccarin, dopamine glucuronide, and 5-acetyl-2,4-dimethyloxazole. The abundance of unidentified Bacteriodales_S24-7_group was positively related to ecgonine, 15-KETE and 6-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4(1H)-pyridinone. The abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group was negatively related to the levels of 15-KETE and netilmicin. Stenotrophomonas and 15-KETE were negatively related, while Intestinimonas and alanyl-serine were positively related. In conclusion, phloretin treatment had positive impacts on faecal metabolites in UC mice, and the changes in faecal metabolites were closely related to the gut microbiota.

中文翻译：

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用饮食成分根皮素治疗的溃疡性结肠炎小鼠的肠道微生物组和新陈代谢之间的相互作用。

水果和蔬菜中越来越多的健康膳食成分已被证明具有多种生物活性。Phloretin 是一种二氢查耳酮类黄酮，在苹果和梨中含量丰富，对溃疡性结肠炎 (UC) 小鼠具有抗炎作用。由于人体结肠中食物-肠道轴的存在，肠道微生物群和新陈代谢彼此密切相关。为了研究根皮素处理后 UC 小鼠粪便代谢物和微生物群的相互作用，通过强饲法给予根皮素 (60 mg/kg) 以改善小鼠的葡聚糖硫酸钠 (DSS) 诱导的 UC。分别通过高通量测序和液相色谱质谱 (LC-MS) 分析检测肠道微生物和粪便代谢物谱。通过 Spearman 相关系数评估肠道微生物与其代谢物之间的相关性。结果表明，根皮素通过平衡去甲肾上腺素、美沙拉嗪、酪氨酸、5-乙酰基-2,4-二甲基恶唑和 6-乙酰基-2 等粪便代谢物的组成，重塑了 UC 小鼠体内紊乱的粪便代谢物谱并改善了代谢途径,3-二氢-2-(羟甲基)-4(1H)-吡啶酮。相关性分析确定了肠道微生物与其代谢物之间的关系。变形杆菌与许多粪便代谢物呈负相关，例如去甲肾上腺素、L-酪氨酸、乳精、多巴胺葡糖苷酸和 5-乙酰基-2,4-二甲基恶唑。大量未识别的 结果表明，根皮素通过平衡去甲肾上腺素、美沙拉嗪、酪氨酸、5-乙酰基-2,4-二甲基恶唑和 6-乙酰基-2 等粪便代谢物的组成，重塑了 UC 小鼠体内紊乱的粪便代谢物谱并改善了代谢途径,3-二氢-2-(羟甲基)-4(1H)-吡啶酮。相关性分析确定了肠道微生物与其代谢物之间的关系。变形杆菌与许多粪便代谢物呈负相关，例如去甲肾上腺素、L-酪氨酸、乳精、多巴胺葡糖苷酸和 5-乙酰基-2,4-二甲基恶唑。大量未识别的 结果表明，根皮素通过平衡去甲肾上腺素、美沙拉嗪、酪氨酸、5-乙酰基-2,4-二甲基恶唑和 6-乙酰基-2 等粪便代谢物的组成，重塑了 UC 小鼠体内紊乱的粪便代谢物谱并改善了代谢途径,3-二氢-2-(羟甲基)-4(1H)-吡啶酮。相关性分析确定了肠道微生物与其代谢物之间的关系。变形杆菌与许多粪便代谢物呈负相关，例如去甲肾上腺素、L-酪氨酸、乳精、多巴胺葡糖苷酸和 5-乙酰基-2,4-二甲基恶唑。大量未识别的 相关性分析确定了肠道微生物与其代谢物之间的关系。变形杆菌与许多粪便代谢物呈负相关，例如去甲肾上腺素、L-酪氨酸、乳精、多巴胺葡糖苷酸和 5-乙酰基-2,4-二甲基恶唑。大量未识别的 相关性分析确定了肠道微生物与其代谢物之间的关系。变形杆菌与许多粪便代谢物呈负相关，例如去甲肾上腺素、L-酪氨酸、乳精、多巴胺葡糖苷酸和 5-乙酰基-2,4-二甲基恶唑。大量未识别的Bacteriodales_S24-7 _group 与芽子碱、15-KETE 和 6-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4(1H)-pyridinone 呈正相关。Christensenellaceae_R-7 _group的丰度与 15-KETE 和 netilmicin 的水平呈负相关。Stenotrophomonas和15-KETE 呈负相关，而Intestinimonas和丙氨酰丝氨酸呈正相关。总之，根皮素治疗对 UC 小鼠的粪便代谢物有积极影响，粪便代谢物的变化与肠道微生物群密切相关。