In 2008, the first evidence of a new hormone called neuronostatin was published. The hormone was discovered using a bioinformatic method and found to originate from the same preprohormone as somatostatin. This small peptide hormone of 13 amino acids and a C-terminal amidation was soon found to exert pleiotropic physiological effects. In animal studies, neuronostatin has been shown to reduce food intake and delay gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit. Furthermore, neuronostatin has been shown to affect glucose metabolism by increasing glucagon secretion during situations when glucose concentrations are low. Additionally, neuronostatin has been shown to affect neural tissue and cardiomyocytes by suppressing cardiac contractility. The effects of neuronostatin have not yet been delineated in humans, but if the effects found in animal studies translate to humans it could position neuronostatin as a promising target in the treatment of obesity, hypertension and diabetes. In this review, we describe the discovery of neuronostatin and the current understanding of its physiological role and potential therapeutic applicability.

中文翻译：

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内分泌学机制：神经抑素的生理学。

2008 年，发表了一种名为神经抑素的新激素的第一个证据。该激素是使用生物信息学方法发现的，并发现与生长抑素来自相同的前激素原。很快发现这种由 13 个氨基酸和 C 端酰胺化组成的小肽激素具有多效性生理作用。在动物研究中，神经抑素已被证明可以减少食物摄入并延迟胃排空和胃肠道转运。此外，神经抑素已被证明通过在葡萄糖浓度低的情况下增加胰高血糖素分泌来影响葡萄糖代谢。此外，已显示神经抑素通过抑制心脏收缩力影响神经组织和心肌细胞。神经抑素在人类中的作用尚未确定，但如果在动物研究中发现的影响转化为人类，它可以将神经抑素定位为治疗肥胖症、高血压和糖尿病的有希望的靶点。在这篇综述中，我们描述了神经抑素的发现以及目前对其生理作用和潜在治疗适用性的理解。