The historic center of Quito, Ecuador, was one of the first World Cultural Heritage Sites declared by UNESCO in 1978. There are numerous religious buildings built during the Spanish colonial period reflecting the cultural heritage in this area. Between them, the cloisters of San Francisco, Santo Domingo, and Santa Clara should be highlighted. The specific problems of conservation of the outdoor canvas paintings are not well known at the moment. The objective of this paper is to achieve a conservation study of the canvas paintings exhibited in these three cloisters of the historic center of Quito in order to identify the microbial agents and the main bioclimatic parameters of deterioration. For this, a study of the state of conservation of five canvas paintings has been carried out, as well as a sampling and identification of the main microorganisms present on the obverse and reverse of the works, employing diverse techniques, traditional and biomolecular ones. An analysis of climatic conditions has also been achieved in the cloister of San Francisco. The results of the study indicate that the exhibition conditions in the cloisters are really problematic for the conservation of paintings. Important biodeteriorating agents have been isolated, including fungi and bacteria species belonging, among others, to the genera Bacillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Mucor, and Aspergillus. We have also researched its relationship with the deterioration state of the artworks and the exhibition conditions in each case, proposing guidelines for the proper conservation of this important World Cultural Heritage.

中文翻译：

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户外帆布画的真菌​​和细菌生物降解：厄瓜多尔基多修道院的案例。

厄瓜多尔基多的历史中心是联合国教科文组织于 1978 年宣布的首批世界文化遗产之一。西班牙殖民时期建造的众多宗教建筑反映了该地区的文化遗产。在它们之间，应该突出显示旧金山、圣多明各和圣克拉拉的修道院。户外油画的具体保护问题，目前尚不为人所知。本文的目的是对基多历史中心这三个回廊中展出的帆布画进行保护研究，以确定微生物因子和主要的生物气候参数恶化。为此，对五幅油画的保存状况进行了研究，以及采用各种传统技术和生物分子技术对作品正面和反面存在的主要微生物进行采样和鉴定。在旧金山的回廊也进行了气候条件分析。研究结果表明，回廊的展览条件对于绘画的保存确实存在问题。已分离出重要的生物降解剂，包括属于芽孢杆菌属、青霉属、链格孢属、毛霉属和曲霉属等的真菌和细菌种类。我们还研究了它与艺术品的恶化状态和每个案例的展览条件的关系，提出了妥善保护这一重要世界文化遗产的指导方针。