BACKGROUND In recent years, targeted therapy combined with traditional chemoradiotherapy and surgery has brought new opportunities for cancer treatment. However, the complex characteristics of cancer, such as heterogeneity and diversity, limit the clinical success of targeted drugs. Discovering of new cancer targets and deepening the understanding of their functional mechanisms will bring additional promising application prospects for the research and development of personalized cancer-targeted drugs. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to summarize the role of the Rho GTPase activating protein 9 (ARHGAP9) gene in tumorigenesis and development to discover therapeutic targets for cancer in the future. METHODS For this review, we collected patents from the databases of Espacenet and WIPO and articles from PubMed that were related to the ARHGAP9 gene. RESULTS Genetic/epigenetic variations and abnormal expression of the ARHGAP9 gene are closely associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer. ARHGAP9 can inactivate Rho GTPases by hydrolyzing GTP into GDP and regulate cancer cellular events, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, by inhibiting JNK/ERK/p38 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. In addition to reviewing these mechanisms, we assessed various patents on ARHGAP9 to determine whether ARHGAP9 might be used as a predictive biomarker for diagnosis/prognosis evaluation and a druggable target for cancer treatment. CONCLUSION In this review, the current knowledge of ARHGAP9 in cancer is summarized with an emphasis on its molecular function, regulatory mechanism and disease implications. Its characterization is crucial to understanding its important roles during different stages of cancer progression and therapy as a predictive biomarker and/or target.

中文翻译：

---

人类癌症中的 Rho GTPase 激活蛋白 9 (ARHGAP9)。

背景技术近年来，靶向治疗与传统的放化疗、手术相结合，为癌症治疗带来了新的机遇。然而，癌症的复杂特征，如异质性和多样性，限制了靶向药物的临床成功。发现新的癌症靶点并加深对其功能机制的理解，将为个性化癌症靶向药物的研发带来更多广阔的应用前景。目的本研究旨在总结Rho GTP酶激活蛋白9（ARHGAP9）基因在肿瘤发生和发展中的作用，以发现未来癌症的治疗靶点。方法 在本次审查中，我们从 Espacenet 和 WIPO 的数据库中收集了与 ARHGAP9 基因相关的专利以及来自 PubMed 的文章。结果 ARHGAP9 基因的遗传/表观遗传变异和异常表达与包括癌症在内的多种疾病密切相关。ARHGAP9 可以通过将 GTP 水解为 GDP 来灭活 Rho GTPase，并通过抑制 JNK/ERK/p38 和 PI3K/AKT 信号通路调节癌细胞事件，包括增殖、分化、凋亡、迁移和侵袭。除了审查这些机制外，我们还评估了 ARHGAP9 的各种专利，以确定 ARHGAP9 是否可用作诊断/预后评估的预测性生物标志物和癌症治疗的药物靶标。结论 在这篇综述中，总结了目前关于 ARHGAP9 在癌症中的知识，重点是其分子功能、调控机制和疾病影响。