Regenerative medicine has developed promising approaches for healing and replacing defective and damaged organs or tissues with functional ones. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting innovation has integrated a potential to design organs or tissues specific to the patient with the capability of rapid construction to fulfill the storage of organs and the need for transplantation. 3D bioprinting of organs has the main goal to develop a structural and functional organ or tissue mimic to the original one. The highly complex fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds containing biomaterials, tissue models, and biomedical devices has made it possible to print small blood vessels to mimic organs to reduce organ or tissue rejection. 3D bioprinting has the concept of bioinks containing biomaterials that may trigger the immune responses in the body. Nevertheless, foreign body response (FBR) is mediated by various cell types such as B-cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, neutrophils, and T-cells, and molecular signals such as antibodies (Abs), cytokines, and reactive radical species. Typically, the biomaterial is shielded by the fibrous encapsulation that is regulated by molecular signals. This review explored the progress in 3D bioprinting of vital organs and basic immune response against the biomaterials used in this approach. Thus, evaluating immune response against biomaterials used in 3D printed organs is necessary to mitigate tissue rejection after the transplantation.

再生医学已经开发出有希望的方法来治愈和用功能性器官或组织替换有缺陷和受损的器官或组织。三维 (3D) 生物打印创新集成了设计特定于患者的器官或组织的潜力，具有快速构建的能力，以满足器官的储存和移植的需要。器官 3D 生物打印的主要目标是开发与原始器官或组织相似的结构和功能器官或组织。包含生物材料、组织模型和生物医学装置的组织工程支架的高度复杂制造使得打印小血管以模拟器官以减少器官或组织排斥成为可能。3D 生物打印具有生物墨水的概念，其中包含可能触发体内免疫反应的生物材料。然而，异物反应 (FBR) 是由各种细胞类型介导的，例如 B 细胞、树突细胞、巨噬细胞、自然杀伤细胞、中性粒细胞和 T 细胞，以及抗体 (Abs)、细胞因子和反应性等分子信号。激进的物种。通常，生物材料被由分子信号调节的纤维包裹物所屏蔽。本综述探讨了重要器官 3D 生物打印的进展以及针对该方法中使用的生物材料的基本免疫反应。因此，评估针对 3D 打印器官中使用的生物材料的免疫反应对于减轻移植后的组织排斥是必要的。和分子信号，例如抗体 (Abs)、细胞因子和活性自由基种类。通常，生物材料被由分子信号调节的纤维包裹物所屏蔽。本综述探讨了重要器官 3D 生物打印的进展以及针对该方法中使用的生物材料的基本免疫反应。因此，评估针对 3D 打印器官中使用的生物材料的免疫反应对于减轻移植后的组织排斥是必要的。和分子信号，例如抗体 (Abs)、细胞因子和活性自由基种类。通常，生物材料被由分子信号调节的纤维包裹物所屏蔽。本综述探讨了重要器官 3D 生物打印的进展以及针对该方法中使用的生物材料的基本免疫反应。因此，评估针对 3D 打印器官中使用的生物材料的免疫反应对于减轻移植后的组织排斥是必要的。