Propelled by digitalisation, crowd knowledge (CK) has gained popularity alongside a plurality of related crowd-based concepts (crowdsourcing, wisdom of crowds and collective intelligence), resulting in an inconsistent understanding of the terms and their application. Based on a structured literature review, we conceptualise CK and develop a formal definition, which is then evaluated using knowledge artefacts on different crowd-related platforms and differentiation criteria in relation to participants, context, purpose and process. The paper posits that CK is conceptually different from related concepts, due to its dynamic nature and its instantiation in the form of a CK knowledge artefact which requires a specific context and a unique knowledge-creation process. Furthermore, we discuss how the concept of CK and its associated artefact relates to established knowledge management concepts such as knowledge assets and the flow of CK in the epistemological differentiation of knowledge into tacit and explicit elements. The article contributes to the formal conceptualisation of crowd-based concepts and therefore improves understanding of existing implementations and supports the prudent design of future systems.

在数字化的推动下，众包知识 (CK) 与多个相关的基于众包的概念（众包、众智和集体智慧）一起受到欢迎，导致对术语及其应用的理解不一致。基于结构化的文献综述，我们对 CK 进行概念化并制定正式定义，然后使用不同人群相关平台上的知识人工制品和与参与者、背景、目的和过程相关的区分标准对其进行评估。该论文假设 CK 在概念上不同于相关概念，因为它具有动态性，并且它以 CK 知识人工制品的形式实例化，这需要特定的上下文和独特的知识创建过程。此外，我们讨论了 CK 的概念及其相关的人工制品如何与既定的知识管理概念相关，例如知识资产和 CK 在知识的认识论区分中的流动，将知识分为隐性和显性元素。这篇文章有助于基于人群的概念的正式概念化，因此提高了对现有实现的理解，并支持未来系统的谨慎设计。