The ever-growing trend of making the traditional power grids smarter than before has resulted in their gradual evolution to more sophisticated grids, referred to as Smart Grids (SGs) Cyber-Physical Systems with complex networking technologies. The integration of Information and Communication Technologies with power grids fosters seamless data sharing between different SG entities, which supports effective and smart governance in terms of demand response management, frequency support, and voltage stabilization. Nonetheless, this integration opens up several security and privacy concerns, namely, electricity theft, power loss, battery exhaustion, infrastructure mapping, etc. These issues become even more important with the addition of distributed energy sources, e.g. electric vehicles (EVs), battery energy storage systems, and renewable energy sources, into the SGs. We present a framework based on Software Defined Networking (SDN) and BlockChain (BC) to address two challenging issues of EV-aided SG ecosystems, namely, privacy assurance and power security. We leverage the capabilities of SDN to handle the complex interactions between different subsystems of the SG. Furthermore, we also employ BC and smart contracts' properties to secure energy transactions and data communications. We design a secure and efficient mutual authentication protocol based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and BC for privacy preservation during smart energy trading. We also proposed a BC-based smart contract for effective Demand Response Management (DRM) during bidirectional energy transfer between EVs and SG. Finally, we present experimental evaluations to validate the proposed framework's performance. The results obtained demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed scheme compared with current state-of-the-art approaches. The mutual authentication protocol designed is not only secure against major attack vectors (namely, session key security, message integrity, anonymity, forward secrecy, and so on), but it is also cost-efficient in terms of communication and computational costs. Additionally, the SC designed assures power security and maintains an adequate balance between demand and supply.

中文翻译：

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基于区块链的电动汽车辅助智能电网生态系统的网络物理安全


使传统电网比以前更加智能的趋势不断增长，导致其逐渐演变为更复杂的电网，称为智能电网（SG）具有复杂网络技术的网络物理系统。信息和通信技术与电网的集成促进了不同SG实体之间的无缝数据共享，从而支持需求响应管理、频率支持和电压稳定方面的有效和智能治理。尽管如此，这种集成带来了一些安全和隐私问题，即窃电、断电、电池耗尽、基础设施测绘等。随着分布式能源的增加，例如电动汽车（EV）、电池，这些问题变得更加重要。储能系统和可再生能源纳入 SG。我们提出了一个基于软件定义网络（SDN）和区块链（BC）的框架，以解决电动汽车辅助SG生态系统的两个具有挑战性的问题，即隐私保证和电力安全。我们利用 SDN 的功能来处理 SG 不同子系统之间的复杂交互。此外，我们还利用BC和智能合约的特性来确保能源交易和数据通信的安全。我们设计了一种基于椭圆曲线密码学（ECC）和BC的安全高效的相互认证协议，用于智能能源交易过程中的隐私保护。我们还提出了一种基于BC的智能合约，用于在电动汽车和SG之间的双向能量传输期间进行有效的需求响应管理（DRM）。最后，我们提出实验评估来验证所提出的框架的性能。 获得的结果表明，与当前最先进的方法相比，所提出的方案具有改进的性能。所设计的相互认证协议不仅能够抵御主要攻击向量（即会话密钥安全、消息完整性、匿名性、前向保密等），而且在通信和计算成本方面也具有成本效益。此外，SC 的设计可确保电力安全并保持供需之间的充分平衡。