While the received traditional predictors are still the mainstay in the diagnosis and prognosis of CVD events, increasing studies have focused on exploring the ancillary effect of biomarkers for the aspiring of precision. Under which circumstances, soluble ST2 (sST2), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and procalcitonin (PCT) have recently emerged as promising markers in the field of both acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases. Existent clinical studies have demonstrated the significant associations between these markers with various CVD outcomes, which further verified the potentiality of markers in helping risk stratification and diagnostic and therapeutic work-up of patients. The current review article is aimed at illuminating the applicability of these four novels and often neglected cardiac biomarkers in common clinical scenarios, including acute myocardial infarction, acute heart failure, and chronic heart failure, especially in the emergency department. By thorough classification, combination, and discussion of biomarkers with clinical and instrumental evaluation, we hope the current study can provide insights into biomarkers and draw more attention to their importance.

中文翻译：

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急性或慢性心血管疾病中新型心脏生物标志物的综述：可溶性 ST2 (sST2)、脂蛋白相关磷脂酶 A2 (Lp-PLA2)、髓过氧化物酶 (MPO) 和降钙素原 (PCT) 的作用

虽然公认的传统预测指标仍然是 CVD 事件诊断和预后的主要依据，但越来越多的研究集中在探索生物标志物对追求精确度的辅助作用。在这种情况下，可溶性 ST2 (sST2)、脂蛋白相关磷脂酶 A2 (Lp-PLA2)、髓过氧化物酶 (MPO) 和降钙素原 (PCT) 最近成为急性和慢性心血管疾病领域有希望的标志物。现有的临床研究表明，这些标志物与各种 CVD 结果之间存在显着关联，这进一步验证了标志物在帮助患者进行风险分层以及诊断和治疗检查方面的潜力。目前的评论文章旨在阐明这四篇小说和经常被忽视的心脏生物标志物在常见临床场景中的适用性，包括急性心肌梗塞、急性心力衰竭和慢性心力衰竭，尤其是在急诊科。通过对生物标志物与临床和仪器评估的彻底分类、组合和讨论，我们希望当前的研究能够提供对生物标志物的见解，并引起人们对它们的重要性的更多关注。