Light is the most essential environmental factor that plants require for the growth and development. However, light is highly heterogeneous in natural condition, and plants have to evolve a series of strategies to acclimate the dynamic light since it is sessile. The photosynthetic performance and regulatory mechanisms involved in acclimation were elucidated in shade-tolerant plant Amorphophallus xiei under steady state and fluctuating high light. The dissipation and allocation of light energy, photosynthetic capacity, and antioxidant defense were examined in A. xiei cultivated under 4%, 17%, and 100% of full sunlight. High-light-grown plants exhibited reduced photosynthesis and the slowest response to simulated sunflecks than the other two treatments. Maximum and actual efficiency of PSII photochemistry (F_v′/F_m′ and Φ_PSII) and electron transport rate (ETR) were lowest, and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were highest in high-light-grown plants than in low- and intermediate-light-grown plants subjected to different photon flux densities (PFD) and intercellular CO₂ concentrations (C_i). F_v′/F_m′, Φ_PSII, ETR and NPQ were lowest in high-light-grown A. xiei than others, when plants were exposed to simulated sunflecks. In fully light-induced leaves, high-light-grown plants showed a maximum value in quantum efficiency of light-dependent thermal dissipation (Φ_NPQ), and a minimum value in Φ_PSII was recorded. Low-light-grown plants subjected to simulated sunflecks, a maximum value in Φ_NPQ and Φ_PSII were observed. Mass-based nitrogen content (N_area), specific leaf area (SLA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities significantly declined with the increase of growth irradiance. The high-light-grown plants showed higher xanthophyll de-epoxidation and ascorbate–glutathione cycle activity, while low-light-grown plants showed higher neoxanthin and β-carotene contents. In general, high-light-grown A. xiei generally show a depressed photosynthetic capacity, and are efficient in dissipating excess light energy by NPQ under a steady-state light but not under a highly fluctuating light. Low-light-grown plants show a rapid photosynthetic assimilation response to sunflecks and then a rapid activation of the energy-dependent quenching (qE) component of NPQ under the sunflecks. In addition, high-light-grown plants, although using various strategies to reduce light absorption and to scavenge reactive oxygen species, have less efficient protection against photodamage.

光是植物生长发育所需的最基本的环境因素。然而，光在自然条件下是高度异质的，植物必须进化出一系列策略来适应动态光，因为它是固着的。阐明了在稳定状态和波动高光下耐阴植物紫花的光合性能和驯化过程中涉及的调控机制。在A. xiei中检查了光能、光合能力和抗氧化防御的耗散和分配在 4%、17% 和 100% 的充足阳光下栽培。与其他两种处理相比，高光生长的植物表现出光合作用减少和对模拟日光斑的反应最慢。PSII光化学的最大和实际效率（F _v '/ F _m '和Φ _PSII）和电子传递率（ETR）最低，非光化学猝灭（NPQ）在高光植物中高于低光植物。和受不同光子通量密度 (PFD) 和细胞间 CO ₂浓度 ( C _i ) 影响的中等光照植物。F _v ′ / F _m ′, Φ _PSII当植物暴露于模拟的日光斑时，高光生长的A. xiei 中的ETR 和 NPQ 最低。在完全光诱导的叶子中，高光生长的植物在光依赖热耗散的量子效率 (Φ _NPQ ) 中表现出最大值，在 Φ _PSII中记录到最小值。受模拟日光斑影响的弱光生长植物，观察到Φ _NPQ和 Φ _PSII的最大值。基于质量的氮含量（N_面积)、比叶面积 (SLA)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 和过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 活性随着生长辐照度的增加而显着下降。高光生长的植物表现出较高的叶黄素去环氧化和抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环活性，而低光生长的植物表现出较高的新黄质和β-胡萝卜素含量。一般来说，高光生长的A. xiei通常表现出抑制的光合作用能力，并且在稳态光下有效地通过 NPQ 耗散多余的光能，但在高度波动的光下则无效。低光生长的植物对太阳斑表现出快速的光合作用同化反应，然后在太阳斑下迅速激活 NPQ 的能量依赖性淬灭 (qE) 成分。此外，高光照生长的植物，虽然使用各种策略来减少光吸收和以清除活性氧物质，具有抗光损伤不太有效的保护。