High-density aluminum foam can provide higher stiffness and absorb more energy during the impact Obtaining the constitutive law of such foam requires tri-axial tests with very high pressure, where difficulty may arise because the hydrostatic pressure can reach more than 30 MPa. In this paper, instead of using tri-axial tests, we proposed three easier tests—tension, compression and shear to obtain the parameters of constitutive model (the Deshpande–Fleck model). To verify the constitutive model both statically and dynamically, we carried out additional triaxial tests and direct impact tests, respectively. Based on the derived model, we performed finite element simulation to study the impact response of the present foam. By dimensional analysis, we proposed an empirical equation for a non-dimensional impact time \({\bar{t}}_{\mathrm {d}}\), the impact time divided by the time required for plastic wave travelling from the impact surface to the bottom surface, to determine the deformation characteristic of the aluminum foam after impact. For the case with \({\bar{t}}_{\mathrm {d}}\le 1\), the deformation tends to exhibit a shock-type characteristic, while for the case with \({\bar{t}}_{\mathrm {d}}>5\), the deformation tends to exhibit an upsetting-type characteristic.

高密度泡沫铝在冲击过程中可以提供更高的刚度并吸收更多的能量要获得这种泡沫的本构定律需要在非常高的压力下进行三轴试验，由于静水压力可以达到30 MPa以上，因此可能会出现困难。在本文中，我们没有使用三轴试验，而是提出了三个更简单的试验——拉伸、压缩和剪切，以获得本构模型（Deshpande-Fleck 模型）的参数。为了静态和动态地验证本构模型，我们分别进行了额外的三轴试验和直接冲击试验。基于导出的模型，我们进行了有限元模拟以研究当前泡沫的冲击响应。通过量纲分析，我们提出了无量纲冲击时间的经验方程\({\bar{t}}_{\mathrm {d}}\)，冲击时间除以塑性波从冲击面传播到底面所需的时间，以确定泡沫铝的变形特性撞击后。对于\({\bar{t}}_{\mathrm {d}}\le 1\) 的情况，变形倾向于表现出冲击型特征，而对于\({\bar{t }}_{\mathrm {d}}>5\)，变形趋于表现出镦粗型特征。