As widespread wetland plants, Phragmites play a vital role in water purification and are widely utilized in constructed wetlands (accounting for 15.5% of applied wetland plants) as a natural alternative to wastewater treatment. However, despite such common applications, current understanding of the basic composition of the Phragmites root-inhabiting microbiome and the complex functions of each member of this microbiome remains incomplete, especially regarding pollution remediation. This review summarizes the advances that have been made in ecological and biochemical research on the Phragmites root microbiome, including bacteria, archaea, and fungi. Based on next-generation sequencing, microbial community compositions have been profiled under various environmental conditions. Furthermore, culture-based methods have helped to clarify the functions of the microbiome, such as metal iron stabilization, organic matter degradation, and nutrient element transformation. The unique community structure and functions are highly impacted by Phragmites lineages and environmental factors such as salinity. Based on the current understanding of the Phragmites root microbiome, we propose that synthetic microbial communities and iron–manganese plaque could be applied and intensified in constructed wetlands to help promote their water purification performance.

作为广泛分布的湿地植物，芦苇在水质净化中发挥着至关重要的作用，并被广泛用于人工湿地（占应用湿地植物的 15.5%），作为废水处理的天然替代品。然而，尽管有如此普遍的应用，但目前对芦苇根栖息微生物组的基本组成以及该微生物组每个成员的复杂功能的理解仍然不完整，尤其是在污染修复方面。这篇综述总结了芦苇生态和生化研究的进展根微生物组，包括细菌、古细菌和真菌。基于下一代测序，已经在各种环境条件下对微生物群落组成进行了分析。此外，基于培养的方法有助于阐明微生物组的功能，例如金属铁稳定、有机物降解和营养元素转化。独特的群落结构和功能受到芦苇谱系和盐度等环境因素的高度影响。基于目前对芦苇根微生物组的了解，我们建议可以在人工湿地中应用和强化合成微生物群落和铁锰斑块，以帮助提高其水净化性能。