Astronium and Myracrodruon are small genera of Anacardiaceae characterized by having fruits with calycinal wings, which play an important role in dispersion. Molecular phylogenetic studies have indicated that both genera form a monophyletic clade, but the taxonomic circumscription remains controversial, with several discussions either recognizing Myracrodruon as a genus or an infrageneric category of Astronium. In this study, the fruit anatomy of both genera was reevaluated to further develop the understanding of their circumscription and taxonomic position. To this end, the morphoanatomy of the ripe fruits of Myracrodruon balansae and seven species of Astronium was analyzed using standard techniques of light microscopy. In addition, the fruit ontogeny in both genera was evaluated for distinguishable differences and similarities among them. As a result of the emanating study, it can be concluded that fruits of Astronium and Myracrodruon, previously classified as pseudosamara and drupe, respectively, should both be called pseudosamara. Findings such as uniseriate exocarp, parenchymatic mesocarp with large secretory ducts, endocarp organized in discrete layers, and similar development of the calycinal wings support the inclusion of Myracrodruon as a section of Astronium.

Astronium和Myracrodruon是漆树科的小属，其特征是果实带有萼翅，在分散中起重要作用。分子系统发育研究表明，这两个属都形成了一个单系进化枝，但分类范围仍然存在争议，有几次讨论要么将Myracrodruon视为一个属，要么将其视为Astronium 的一个属下类别。在这项研究中，重新评估了两个属的果实解剖结构，以进一步了解它们的界限和分类位置。为此，Myracrodruon balansae和 7 种Astronium成熟果实的形态解剖学使用光学显微镜的标准技术进行分析。此外，还对两个属的果实个体发育进行了评估，以确定它们之间可区分的差异和相似之处。根据这项研究的结果，可以得出结论，以前分别被归类为假翼果和核果的天文星和Myracrodruon 的果实都应该被称为假翼果。诸如单列外果皮、具有大分泌管的薄壁中果皮、以离散层组织的内果皮以及花萼翅的类似发育等发现支持将Myracrodruon作为Astronium 的一部分。