Monitoring the effectiveness of tsetse fly control interventions that aim to reduce transmission of African trypanosomiasis requires highly efficient sampling tools that can catch flies at low densities. The sticky small target (StS-target) has previously been shown to be more effective in sampling Glossina fuscipes fuscipes compared to the biconical trap. However, its efficiency in terms of the proportion of flies it catches out of those that visit it has not been reported. Furthermore, there are no reports on whether tsetse samples caught using the StS-target can be used for subsequent processes such as molecular tests. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of the biconical trap and targets for sampling G. f. fuscipes. All targets were tiny (0.25 × 0.50 m) but varied in their capture system. We used targets with sticky surface (StS-targets) and those with an electrified surface (ES-targets). We also assessed the suitability of flies caught on the StS-target for molecular tests by amplifying DNA of bacterial communities. Randomized block design experiments were undertaken in Mbita area and Manga Island on Lake Victoria of western Kenya. Fly catches of each sampling tool were compared to those of the sampling tool flanked by electric (E) nets and analyzed using a negative binomial regression. The total catch for each sampling tool alone was divided by the total catch of the sampling tool flanked by two E-nets to obtain its efficiency expressed as a percentage. A proportion of flies caught on the StS-target was preserved for molecular tests. Overall, the efficiencies of the biconical trap, ES-target and StS-target were 7.7%, 13.3% and 27.0%, respectively. A higher proportion of females (69 to 79%) than males approached all the sampling tools, but the trap efficiency was greater for male G. f. fuscipes than females. Furthermore, sequencing the 16S rRNA gene from fly samples caught on the StS-target revealed the presence of Spiroplasma. Our results indicate that the SS-target is the most efficient trap to monitor G. f. fuscipes population during interventions, with the biconical trap being the least efficient, and samples collected from StS-targets are suitable for molecular studies.

监测旨在减少非洲锥虫病传播的采采蝇控制干预措施的有效性需要能够以低密度捕捉苍蝇的高效采样工具。与双锥形陷阱相比，粘性小目标 (StS-target) 先前已被证明在对Glossina fuscipes fuscipes进行采样方面更有效。然而，它在访问它的苍蝇中捕获的苍蝇比例方面的效率尚未报告。此外，没有关于使用 StS 目标捕获的采采蝇样本是否可用于后续过程（例如分子测试）的报告。在这项研究中，我们评估了双锥形陷阱和采样G. f.目标的效率。紫红色. 所有目标都很小（0.25 × 0.50 m），但它们的捕获系统各不相同。我们使用具有粘性表面的目标（StS 目标）和具有带电表面的目标（ES 目标）。我们还通过放大细菌群落的 DNA 评估了捕获在 StS 目标上的果蝇是否适合进行分子测试。在肯尼亚西部维多利亚湖的 Mbita 地区和 Manga 岛进行了随机区组设计实验。将每种采样工具的飞蝇捕获量与两侧装有电动 ( E) 网络并使用负二项式回归进行分析。单独每个采样工具的总捕获量除以两侧有两个 E-net 的采样工具的总捕获量，以获得以百分比表示的效率。一部分在 StS 目标上捕获的苍蝇被保留用于分子测试。总体而言，双锥形陷阱、ES-target 和 StS-target 的效率分别为 7.7%、13.3% 和 27.0%。接近所有采样工具的女性比例（69% 至 79%）高于男性，但男性G. f.的捕集效率更高。fuscipes比女性。此外，对 StS 靶标上捕获的果蝇样本的 16S rRNA 基因进行测序揭示了螺旋体的存在。我们的结果表明 SS 目标是最有效的陷阱监控G. f. fuscipes种群在干预期间，双锥形陷阱效率最低，从 StS 目标收集的样本适用于分子研究。