Parental criticism is correlated with internalising symptoms in adolescent offspring. This correlation could in part reflect their genetic relatedness, if the same genes influence behaviours in both parents and offspring. We use a Children-of-Twins design to assess whether parent-reported criticism and offspring internalising symptoms remain associated after controlling for shared genes. To aid interpretation of our results and those of previous Children-of-Twins studies, we examine statistical power for the detection of genetic effects and explore the direction of possible causal effects between generations.

中文翻译：

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父母的批评​​和青少年内化症状：使用双胞胎儿童设计和功效计算来解释遗传影响


父母的批评​​与青少年后代的内化症状相关。如果相同的基因影响父母和后代的行为，这种相关性可能部分反映了他们的遗传相关性。我们使用双胞胎儿童设计来评估父母报告的批评和后代内化症状在控制共享基因后是否仍然相关。为了帮助解释我们的结果以及之前的双胞胎儿童研究的结果，我们检查了检测遗传效应的统计功效，并探索了几代人之间可能的因果效应的方向。