The concentration of human population along coastlines has far-reaching effects on ocean and societal health. The oceans provide benefits to humans such as food, coastal protection and improved mental well-being, but can also impact negatively via natural disasters. At the same time, humans influence ocean health, for example, via coastal development or through environmental stewardship. Given the strong feedbacks between ocean and human health there is a need to promote desirable interactions, while minimising undesirable interactions. To this end, we articulate two scenarios for 2030. First, Business-as-Usual, named ‘Command and (out of) Control’, focuses on the anticipated future based on our current trajectory. Second, a more sustainable scenario called ‘Living and Connecting’, emphasises the development of interactions between oceans and society consistent with achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. We describe a potential pathway to achieving the ‘Living and Connecting’ scenario, centred on improving marine citizenship, achieving a more equitable distribution of power among stakeholders, and more equitable access to resources and opportunities. The constituent actions of this pathway can be categorised into four groups: (i) improved approaches to science and health communication that account for society’s diverse values, beliefs and worldviews, (ii) a shift towards more trusted relationships among stakeholders to enable two-way knowledge exchange, (iii) economic incentives that encourage behavioural changes necessary for achieving desired sustainability outcomes, and (iv) stronger regulations that simultaneously focus on ocean and human health. We contend that these changes will provide improved outcomes for both oceans and society over the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

---

海洋与社会：海洋与人类健康之间的反馈

沿海岸线人口的集中对海洋和社会健康产生了深远的影响。海洋为人类提供了食物、海岸保护和改善心理健康等益处，但也可能通过自然灾害产生负面影响。同时，人类影响海洋健康，例如，通过沿海开发或环境管理。鉴于海洋与人类健康之间的强烈反馈，有必要促进合意的相互作用，同时尽量减少不合意的相互作用。为此，我们阐述了 2030 年的两种情景。首先，“一切照旧”，名为“指挥与（失控） ”，着眼于基于我们当前轨迹的预期未来。第二，一个更可持续的场景，称为“生活和联系”'，强调发展海洋与社会之间的互动，以实现可持续发展目标。我们描述了实现“生活和联系”的潜在途径'情景，重点是提高海洋公民身份，在利益相关者之间实现更公平的权力分配，以及更公平地获得资源和机会。该途径的组成行动可分为四类：（i）改进科学和健康传播方法，考虑到社会的不同价值观、信仰和世界观，（ii）转向利益相关者之间更受信任的关系，以实现双向知识交流，(iii) 鼓励行为改变的经济激励措施，以实现预期的可持续性成果，以及 (iv) 同时关注海洋和人类健康的更强有力的法规。我们认为，这些变化将在联合国海洋科学十年期间为海洋和社会带来更好的成果。

图形摘要