Biomass is a renewable and potentially carbon-neutral energy source and can be a promising alternative to fossil fuels in the ironmaking industry. Pulverised biomass injection (PBI) is the most promising technology to use biomass-based materials in ironmaking blast furnaces (BFs). This paper reviews key aspects of recent research relating to biomass combustion in the raceway region: experimental studies, numerical studies, and the application of the research findings to optimise BF practice. In the experimental part, the pretreatment of raw biomass to produce pyrolysed biochar products for improving applicability in BFs is reviewed. The properties of raw biomass and biochar are compared with the main requirements for injection into BFs, and the process tests that have been employed at lab- and pilot-scales are reviewed. In the modelling part, a comprehensive overview of mathematical modelling of biomass combustion in BFs is presented, ranging from turbulent flow to heat transfer and mass transfer, as well as key reaction models for simulating the lower part of the BF. With respect to the application of the research, in-furnace phenomena understanding, operation optimisation, and facility design are reviewed, including the co-firing of biomass and coal. In addition, heat and mass balance modelling has been used to demonstrate the operating window of feasible operations using PBI. Life cycle assessment has been reviewed to demonstrate PBI's environmental credentials. Based on the aspects reviewed, conclusions have been drawn on the strengths, limitations, and outlook of PBI studies. This paper offers a comprehensive review of the combustion of biomass in BFs and should prove useful for process understanding, design and optimisation towards green ironmaking technology.

生物质是一种可再生且潜在的碳中性能源，可以成为炼铁行业化石燃料的有前途的替代品。粉状生物质喷射（PBI）是在炼铁高炉（BFs）中使用生物质基材料的最有前途的技术。本文回顾了与跑道区域生物质燃烧相关的近期研究的关键方面：实验研究、数值研究以及研究结果在优化高炉实践中的应用。在实验部分，回顾了生物质预处理生产热解生物炭产品以提高在高炉中的适用性。将原始生物质和生物炭的特性与注入高炉的主要要求进行了比较，并回顾了在实验室和中试规模上采用的工艺测试。在建模部分，全面概述了高炉中生物质燃烧的数学建模，范围从湍流到传热和传质，以及模拟高炉下部的关键反应模型。在研究应用方面，回顾了炉内现象的理解、操作优化和设施设计，包括生物质和煤炭的混烧。此外，热量和质量平衡模型已用于演示使用 PBI 的可行操作的操作窗口。生命周期评估已经过审查，以证明 PBI 的环境认证。基于回顾的方面，得出了关于 PBI 研究的优势、局限性和前景的结论。