Cadmium (Cd) is predominantly observed within the soil to cause deterioration of plant and microbial activities within rhizosphere. Cd-toxicity leads to major agricultural constraints due to its accumulation within plants and therefore entry within food chain. Plants face numerous repercussions like stunted growth, chlorosis, necrosis, inhibition of photosynthetic machinery and other physiological and biological activities. Utilization of microbial inoculants for Cd-stress tolerance from plants is lucrative for agricultural practices in order to enhance their productivity and yield. The presence of microorganisms in rhizosphere is of utmost importance as they interact with plants in direct and indirect ways through signalling mechanisms. They are quintessential in improving nutrient uptake and reducing ill effects of metal ions through detoxification, transformation and secreting certain volatile organic compounds that inhibit survival of pathogens near plants. The rhizobacteria possess plant growth-promoting characteristics in terms of improved enzyme activities, nitrogen fixation and phytohormones (Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GA), cytokinins (CK), ethylene (ET), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase etc.), siderophores and chelating agents. Furthermore, microbes are acquired with specific mechanisms against metal ions such as efflux, immobilization, stabilization, complexation, volatilization, sequestration and detoxification of different Cd-ions. Therefore, descriptive understanding of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) favours their exploration as biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture through successful commercialization of strains.

镉 (Cd) 主要存在于土壤中，会导致根际内植物和微生物活动的恶化。由于镉在植物内积累并因此进入食物链，镉毒性导致主要的农业限制。植物面临许多影响，如生长发育迟缓、萎黄、坏死、光合作用机械和其他生理和生物活动受到抑制。将微生物接种剂用于植物的 Cd 胁迫耐受性对于农业实践来说是有利可图的，以提高其生产力和产量。根际微生物的存在至关重要，因为它们通过信号机制以直接和间接的方式与植物相互作用。它们通过解毒、转化和分泌某些抑制植物附近病原体存活的挥发性有机化合物，在改善养分吸收和减少金属离子的不良影响方面具有典型意义。根际细菌在提高酶活性、固氮和植物激素（吲哚-3-乙酸 (IAA)、赤霉素 (GA)、细胞分裂素 (CK)、乙烯 (ET)、1-氨基环丙烷-1）方面具有促进植物生长的特性-羧酸（ACC）脱氨酶等）、铁载体和螯合剂。此外，微生物的获得具有针对金属离子的特定机制，例如不同 Cd 离子的流出、固定、稳定、络合、挥发、螯合和解毒。所以，