The experience of stress is related to individual wellbeing and vulnerability to psychopathology. Therefore, understanding the determinants of individual differences in stress reactivity is of great concern from a clinical perspective. The functional promotor polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR/rs25531) is such a factor, which has been linked to the acute stress response as well as the adverse effect of life stressors. In the present study, we compared the impact of two different stress induction protocols (Maastricht Acute Stress Test and ScanSTRESS) and the respective control conditions on affective ratings, salivary cortisol levels and cognitive performance. To this end, 156 healthy young males were tested and genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 polymorphism. While combined physiological and psychological stress in the MAST led to a greater cortisol increase compared to control conditions as well as the psychosocial ScanSTRESS, subjective stress ratings were highest in the ScanSTRESS condition. Stress induction in general affected working memory capacity but not response inhibition. Subjective stress was also influenced by 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 genotype with the high expression group showing lower stress ratings than lower expression groups. In line with previous research, we identified the low expression variant of the serotonin transporter gene as a risk factor for increased stress reactivity. While some dimensions of the human stress response may be stressor specific, cognitive outcomes such as working memory performance are influenced by stress in general. Different pathways of stress processing and possible underlying mechanisms are discussed.

压力体验与个人幸福感和对精神病理学的脆弱性有关。因此，从临床角度了解应激反应个体差异的决定因素是非常值得关注的。5-羟色胺转运蛋白基因（5-HTTLPR/rs25531）的功能启动子多态性就是这样一个因素，它与急性应激反应以及生活压力源的不利影响有关。在本研究中，我们比较了两种不同的压力诱导方案（马斯特里赫特急性压力测试和 ScanSTRESS）和各自的控制条件对情感评级、唾液皮质醇水平和认知表现的影响。为此，对 156 名健康年轻男性进行了 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 多态性检测和基因分型。虽然与对照条件以及社会心理 ScanSTRESS 相比，MAST 中的综合生理和心理压力导致皮质醇增加更大，但在 ScanSTRESS 条件下主观压力等级最高。压力诱导通常会影响工作记忆能力，但不会影响反应抑制。主观压力也受到 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 基因型的影响，高表达组的压力等级低于低表达组。与之前的研究一致，我们将血清素转运蛋白基因的低表达变体确定为应激反应性增加的风险因素。虽然人类压力反应的某些方面可能是压力源特异性的，但认知结果（例如工作记忆表现）通常会受到压力的影响。