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Debating ‘uneven and combined development’: beyond Ottoman patrimonialism
Journal of International Relations and Development ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-10 , DOI: 10.1057/s41268-021-00232-0
Eren Duzgun 1
Affiliation  

Within the field of International Historical Sociology, much has been done to theorise the ‘international’ in historical–sociological terms. In particular, the theory of uneven and combined development (UCD) has taken significant steps in moving beyond the flattened space of ‘anarchy’, carving out an historical–sociological home for International Relations (IR). Yet, in this article I argue that UCD’s claim to establish a ‘social ontology of the international’ has been weakened by a tendency to underspecify the role of social agency in the constitution of social and international orders. This, in turn, undermines our ability to fully capture the ‘how’ and ‘why’ of the international, i.e. how and why social and international dynamics transform over time and space. To get out of this conundrum, I suggest, the theory of UCD needs to focus more systematically on historically specific socio-spatial struggles and the concomitant processes of inter-societal learning and ‘substitution’. I operationalise these insights in the context of pre-modern Ottoman state-formation (1300‒1600). Such a historical reconstruction demonstrates that UCD, if reinforced by a stronger conception of social agency, not only leads to a more fertile ground for the development of international historical–sociological imagination, but also helps to problematise and move beyond the conventional theorisation of the ‘classical’ Ottoman Empire as a ‘patrimonial’ state.



中文翻译:

辩论“不平衡和联合发展”:超越奥斯曼世袭制

在国际历史社会学领域内,已经做了很多工作来将历史社会学术语中的“国际”理论化。特别是,不平衡和联合发展理论(UCD)在超越“无政府状态”的扁平化空间方面迈出了重要的一步,为国际关系(IR)开辟了一个历史社会学的家园。然而,在这篇文章中,我认为 UCD 建立“国际社会本体论”的主张已被一种倾向弱化了社会代理在社会和国际秩序构成中的作用。这反过来又削弱了我们充分捕捉国际“如何”和“为什么”的能力,即社会和国际动态如何以及为何随时间和空间变化。为了摆脱这个难题,我建议,UCD 理论需要更系统地关注历史上特定的社会空间斗争以及社会间学习和“替代”的伴随过程。我在前现代奥斯曼帝国国家形成(1300-1600 年)的背景下实施了这些见解。这样的历史重构表明,如果 UCD 得到更强有力的社会能动性概念的加强,不仅会为国际历史社会学想象的发展提供更加肥沃的土壤,而且有助于解决问题并超越传统的“社会代理”理论。古典的“奥斯曼帝国”是一个“世袭”国家。我在前现代奥斯曼帝国国家形成(1300-1600 年)的背景下实施了这些见解。这样的历史重构表明,如果 UCD 得到更强有力的社会能动性概念的加强,不仅会为国际历史社会学想象的发展提供更加肥沃的土壤,而且有助于解决问题并超越传统的“社会代理”理论。古典的“奥斯曼帝国”是一个“世袭”国家。我在前现代奥斯曼帝国国家形成(1300-1600 年)的背景下实施了这些见解。这样的历史重构表明,如果 UCD 得到更强有力的社会能动性概念的加强,不仅会为国际历史社会学想象的发展提供更加肥沃的土壤,而且有助于解决问题并超越传统的“社会代理”理论。古典的“奥斯曼帝国”是一个“世袭”国家。

更新日期:2021-08-10
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