Stem cell transplantation is an appealing potential therapy for vascular diseases and an indispensable key step in vascular tissue engineering. Substantial effort has been made to differentiate stem cells toward vascular cell phenotypes, including endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells. The microenvironment of vascular cells not only contains biochemical factors that influence differentiation but also exerts hemodynamic forces, such as shear stress and cyclic strain. More recently, studies have shown that shear stress can influence the differentiation of stem cells toward ECs. A deep understanding of the responses and underlying mechanisms involved in this process is essential for clinical translation. This review highlights current data supporting the role of shear stress in stem cell differentiation into ECs. Potential mechanisms and signaling cascades for transducing shear stress into a biological signal are proposed. Further study of stem cell responses to shear stress will be necessary to apply stem cells for pharmacological applications and cardiovascular implants in the realm of regenerative medicine.

中文翻译：

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剪切应力对干细胞向内皮细胞分化的影响。

干细胞移植是一种极具吸引力的血管疾病潜在疗法，也是血管组织工程中不可或缺的关键步骤。已经做出大量努力来将干细胞分化为血管细胞表型，包括内皮细胞 (EC) 和平滑肌细胞。血管细胞的微环境不仅包含影响分化的生化因素，而且还施加血流动力学力，如剪切应力和循环应变。最近，研究表明剪切应力可以影响干细胞向 ECs 的分化。深入了解该过程中涉及的反应和潜在机制对于临床转化至关重要。这篇综述强调了当前支持剪切应力在干细胞分化为 ECs 中的作用的数据。提出了将剪切应力转换为生物信号的潜在机制和信号级联。有必要进一步研究干细胞对剪切应力的反应，以将干细胞应用于再生医学领域的药理学应用和心血管植入物。