Maternal diet quality during pregnancy is associated with biomarkers of metabolic risk among male offspring,Diabetologia

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Maternal diet quality during pregnancy is associated with biomarkers of metabolic risk among male offspring
Diabetologia ( IF 8.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-09 , DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05533-0
Ellen C Francis ₁ , Dana Dabelea _{1,

2,

3} , Kartik Shankar ₃ , Wei Perng _{1,

2,

4}

Affiliation

Aims/hypothesis

Limited data exist on the association between maternal diet quality during pregnancy and metabolic traits in offspring during early childhood, which is a sensitive period for risk of obesity-related disorders later in life. We aimed to examine the association of maternal diet quality, as indicated by the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI), in pregnancy with offspring metabolic biomarkers and body composition at age 4–7 years.

Methods

We used data from 761 mother–offspring pairs from the Healthy Start study to examine sex-specific associations of HEI >57 vs ≤57 with offspring fasting glucose, leptin, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, percentage fat mass, BMI z score and log-transformed insulin, 1/insulin, HOMA-IR, adiponectin, triacylglycerols, triacylglycerols:HDL, fat mass, and sum of skinfolds. Multivariable linear regression models accounted for maternal race/ethnicity, age, education, smoking habits during pregnancy and physical activity, and child’s age.

Results

During pregnancy, mean (SD) HEI score was 55.0 (13.3), and 43.0% had an HEI score >57. Among boys, there was an inverse association of maternal HEI with offspring glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and adiponectin. For instance, maternal HEI >57 was associated with lower fasting glucose (−0.11; 95% CI −0.20, −0.02 mmol/l), and lower concentrations of: insulin by 15.3% (95% CI −24.6, −5.0), HOMA-IR by 16.3% (95% CI −25.7, −5.6) and adiponectin by 9.3% (95% CI −16.1, −2.0). Among girls, there was an inverse association of maternal HEI with insulin and a positive association with LDL. However, following covariate adjustment, all estimates among girls were attenuated to the null.

Conclusions/interpretation

Greater compliance with the USA Dietary Guidelines via the HEI may improve the maternal–fetal milieu and decrease susceptibility for poor metabolic health among offspring, particularly boys. Future studies are warranted to confirm these associations and determine the underlying mechanisms.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

怀孕期间母亲的饮食质量与男性后代代谢风险的生物标志物相关

目标/假设

关于孕期母亲饮食质量与后代幼儿期代谢特征之间关系的数据有限，幼儿期是晚年肥胖相关疾病风险的敏感时期。我们的目的是研究 2010 年健康饮食指数 (HEI) 所显示的母亲饮食质量与后代代谢生物标志物和 4-7 岁时身体成分之间的关系。

方法

我们使用来自 Healthy Start 研究的 761 对母子对的数据来检查 HEI > 57 与 ≤ 57 与后代空腹血糖、瘦素、胆固醇、HDL、LDL、脂肪质量百分比、BMI z得分和对数之间的性别特异性关联。转化胰岛素、1/胰岛素、HOMA-IR、脂联素、三酰甘油、三酰甘油：HDL、脂肪量和皮褶总和。多变量线性回归模型考虑了母亲的种族/民族、年龄、教育程度、怀孕期间的吸烟习惯和体力活动以及孩子的年龄。

结果

怀孕期间，平均 (SD) HEI 评分为 55.0 (13.3)，43.0% 的 HEI 评分 > 57。在男孩中，母亲 HEI 与后代葡萄糖、胰岛素、HOMA-IR 和脂联素呈负相关。例如，母亲 HEI >57 与较低的空腹血糖（-0.11；95% CI -0.20，-0.02 mmol/l）相关，并且胰岛素浓度降低 15.3%（95% CI -24.6，-5.0）， HOMA-IR 降低 16.3% (95% CI -25.7, -5.6)，脂联素降低 9.3% (95% CI -16.1, -2.0)。在女孩中，母亲 HEI 与胰岛素呈负相关，与 LDL 呈正相关。然而，经过协变量调整后，女孩的所有估计值都衰减至零。