Nanoparticles are used in the clinic to treat cancer, resolve mineral deficiencies, image tissues, and facilitate vaccination. As a modular technology, nanoparticles combine diagnostic agents or therapeutics (e.g., elements, small molecules, biologics), synthetic materials (e.g., polymers), and biological molecules (e.g., antibodies, peptides, lipids). Leveraging these parameters, nanoparticles can be designed and tuned to navigate biological microenvironments, negotiate biological barriers, and deliver therapeutics or diagnostic agents to specific cells and tissues in the body. Recently, with the Emergency Use Authorization of the COVID-19 lipid nanoparticle vaccines, the advantages and potential of nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle have been displayed at the forefront of biotechnology. Here, we provide a 5-year status update on our original “Nanoparticles in the Clinic” review (also a 2-year update on our second “Nanoparticles in the Clinic” review) by discussing recent nanoparticle delivery system approvals, highlighting new clinical trials, and providing an update on the previously highlighted clinical trials.

中文翻译：

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临床中的纳米颗粒：COVID-19 疫苗的最新进展


纳米颗粒在临床上用于治疗癌症、解决矿物质缺乏、组织成像和促进疫苗接种。作为一种模块化技术，纳米粒子结合了诊断剂或治疗剂（例如元素、小分子、生物制剂）、合成材料（例如聚合物）和生物分子（例如抗体、肽、脂质）。利用这些参数，纳米粒子可以被设计和调整以导航生物微环境，克服生物屏障，并将治疗剂或诊断剂输送到体内的特定细胞和组织。近期，随着COVID-19脂质纳米粒子疫苗的紧急使用授权，纳米粒子作为运载工具的优势和潜力在生物技术的前沿得到了展示。在这里，我们通过讨论最近批准的纳米颗粒输送系统，提供了我们最初的“临床中的纳米颗粒”审查的 5 年状态更新（也是我们的第二次“临床中的纳米颗粒”审查的 2 年更新），重点介绍了新的临床试验，并提供之前重点介绍的临床试验的最新信息。