Gamification has been discussed as a standout approach to improve user experience, with different studies showing that users can have different preferences over game elements according to their user types. However, relatively less is known how different kinds of users may react to different types of gamification. Therefore, in this study (\(N=331\)) we investigate how user orientation (Achiever, Disruptor, Free Spirit, Philanthropist, Player, and Socializer) is associated with the preference for and perceived sense of accomplishment from different gamification designs. Beyond singular associations between the user orientation and the gamification designs, the findings indicate no comprehensive and consistent patterns of associations. From the six user orientations, five presented significant associations: Socializer orientation was positively associated with Social, Fictional, and Personal designs, while negatively associated with Performance design; Player orientation was positively associated with Social (Accomplishment), Personal, and Ecological designs, while negatively associated with the Social design (Preference); Disruptor orientation was positively associated with Social design; Achiever orientation was positively associated with Performance and Social designs; and Free Spirit orientation was negatively associated with Social design. Based on the results, we provide recommendations on how to personalize gamified systems and set further research trajectories on personalized gamification.

游戏化被认为是改善用户体验的一种出色方法，不同的研究表明，用户可以根据其用户类型对游戏元素有不同的偏好。然而，人们对不同类型的用户对不同类型的游戏化的反应知之甚少。因此，在本研究中（\(N=331\)）我们调查了用户导向（成就者、破坏者、自由精神、慈善家、玩家和社交者）如何与不同游戏化设计的偏好和成就感相关联。除了用户导向和游戏化设计之间的单一关联之外，研究结果表明没有全面和一致的关联模式。在六个用户取向中，五个呈现出显着的关联：社交化取向与社交、虚构和个人设计呈正相关，而与性能设计呈负相关；玩家导向与社交（成就）、个人和生态设计呈正相关，而与社交设计（偏好）呈负相关；破坏者导向与社会设计正相关；成就导向与性能和社交设计呈正相关；自由精神取向与社会设计负相关。基于结果，我们提供了关于如何个性化游戏化系统的建议，并为个性化游戏化设定了进一步的研究轨迹。